# Pearson v. Social Security Administration

> District Court, E.D. Oklahoma · March 27, 2023

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10385640

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, E.D. Oklahoma
- **Decided:** March 27, 2023
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10385640

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- finding an ALJ “is not entitled to pick and choose through an uncontradicted medical opinion, taking only the parts that are favorable to a finding of nondisability”

## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA

AMY SUZANNE PEARSON, )
)
Plaintiff, )
v. ) Case No. CIV–21–274–JAR
)
KILO KIJAKAZI, )
Acting Commissioner of the )
Social Security Administration, )
)
Defendant. )
OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Amy Suzanne Pearson (the “Claimant”) requests judicial review of
the decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (the
“Commissioner”) denying Claimant’s application for disability benefits under the
Social Security Act. Claimant appeals the decision of the Administrative Law
Judge (“ALJ”) and asserts that the Commissioner erred because the ALJ
incorrectly determined that Claimant was not disabled. For the reasons
discussed below, it is the finding of this Court that the Commissioner’s decision
should be and is REVERSED and the case is REMANDED for further
proceedings.
Social Security Law and Standard of Review
Disability under the Social Security Act is defined as the “inability to
engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment[.]” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). A
claimant is disabled under the Social Security Act “only if [her] physical or
mental impairment or impairments are of such severity that [she] is not only
unable to do his previous work but cannot, considering [her] age, education, and
work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work which
exists in the national economy.” 42 U.S.C. § 423 (d)(2)(A). Social security
regulations implement a five-step sequential process to evaluate a disability

claim. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920.1
Section 405(g) limits the scope of judicial review of the Commissioner’s
decision to two inquiries: whether the decision was supported by substantial
evidence and whether correct legal standards were applied. See Hawkins v.
Chater, 113 F.3d 1162, 1164 (10th Cir. 1997). Substantial evidence is “‘more
than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind
might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Richardson v. Perales, 402
U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (quoting Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197,

229 (1938)); see also Clifton v. Chater, 79 F.3d 1007, 1009 (10th Cir. 1996). The
Court may not reweigh the evidence or substitute its discretion for the

1 Step one requires the claimant to establish that she is not engaged in
substantial gainful activity. Step two requires the claimant to establish that she
has a medically severe impairment (or combination of impairments) that
significantly limits her ability to do basic work activities. If the claimant is
engaged in substantial gainful activity, or her impairment is not medically severe,
disability benefits are denied. If she does have a medically severe impairment, it
is measured at step three against the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404,
Subpt. P, App. 1. If the claimant has a listed (or “medically equivalent”)
impairment, she is regarded as disabled and awarded benefits without further
inquiry. Otherwise, the evaluation proceeds to step four, where the claimant
must show that she lacks the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to return to
her past relevant work. At step five, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to
show there is significant work in the national economy that the claimant can
perform, given her age, education, work experience, and RFC. Disability benefits
are denied if the claimant can return to any of her past relevant work or if her
RFC does not preclude alternative work. See generally Williams v. Bowen, 844
F.2d 748, 750-51 (10th Cir. 1988).
Commissioner’s. See Casias v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 933 F.2d
799, 800 (10th Cir. 1991). But the Court must review the record as a whole, and
“[t]he substantiality of evidence must take into account whatever in the record
fairly detracts from its weight.” Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474,

488 (1951); see also Casias, 933 F.2d at 800–01.
Claimant’s Background
The claimant was forty-two years old at the time of the administrative
hearing. (Tr. 31). She possesses at least a high school education and is able to
communicate in English (Tr. 32). She has worked as a food sales clerk, hotel
clerk, and commercial or institutional cleaner. (Tr. 31). Claimant alleges that she
has been unable to work since February 21, 2019, due to limitations resulting
from manic depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, paranoid

schizophrenia, lower lumbar paint, and anxiety. (Tr. 288).
Procedural History
On February 21, 2019, Claimant protectively filed for
supplemental security income pursuant to Title XVI (42 U.S.C. § 1381, et seq.)
of the Social Security Act. After an administrative hearing, Administrative Law
Judge Michael Mannes (“ALJ”) issued an unfavorable decision on July 1, 2020.
Appeals Council denied review, so the ALJ’s written opinion is the
Commissioner’s final decision for purposes of this appeal. See 20 C.F.R.

§ 416.1481.
Decision of the Administrative Law Judge
The ALJ made his decision at step five of the sequential evaluation. He
determined that while Claimant suffered from severe impairments, she retained
the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform light work with limitations.
Error Alleged for Review

Claimant asserts the ALJ committed error in (1) improperly evaluating the
medical opinion evidence, (2) improperly evaluating the consistency of
Claimant’s complaints, and (3) failing to perform a proper step-five
determination.
Consideration of Medical Evidence

In his decision, the ALJ determined Claimant suffered from the severe
impairments of depressive, bipolar, and related disorders; anxiety and obsessive-
compulsive disorders; and dysfunction of major joints. (Tr. 22). The ALJ
concluded that Claimant retained the RFC to perform light work. Specifically,
the ALJ found that Claimant can occasionally climb ramps or stairs, stoop,
kneel, crouch, or crawl but can never climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds. Claimant
can frequently balance. Further, Claimant can understand, remember, and carry

out simple instructions. Although the ALJ found that Claimant should have no
interaction with the general public, Claimant can occasionally interact with
supervisors and coworkers. Claimant can respond to changes in routine work so
long as they are gradually introduced. Lastly, the ALJ found that Claimant’s time
off task would be accommodated by normal work breaks. (Tr. 26).
After consultation with a vocational expert, the ALJ found that Claimant
could perform the representative jobs of routing clerk, mail clerk, and inspector
and hand packager. (Tr. 32). As a result, the ALJ found Claimant has not been
disabled since February 21, 2019, the date the application was filed. (Tr. 34).
Claimant contends that the ALJ did not properly consider and discuss the
medical evidence presented by state reviewing physicians,

Dr. Joan Holloway and Dr. Jason Gunter; treating physician, Dr. Theresa
Farrow; and consultative physician, Dr. Kathie Ward. Specifically, Claimant
argues that the ALJ improperly substituted his own medical conclusion in
finding that Claimant was not limited to one to two step tasks in direct
contradiction with the opinions of the state reviewing physicians.
For claims filed on or after March 27, 2017, medical opinions are evaluated
pursuant to 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c and 416.920c. Under these rules, the ALJ
does not “defer or give any specific evidentiary weight, including controlling

weight, to any medical opinion(s)[.]” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(a), 416.920c(a).
Instead, the ALJ evaluates the persuasiveness of all medical opinions and prior
administrative medical findings by considering a list of factors. See 20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520c(b), 416.920c(b). The factors are: (i) supportability, (ii) consistency,
(iii) relationship with the claimant (including length of treatment relationship,
frequency of examinations, purpose and extent of treatment relationship, and
examining relationship), (iv) specialization, and (v) other factors that tend to
support or contradict a medical opinion or prior administrative finding

(including, but not limited to, “evidence showing a medical source has familiarity
with the other evidence in the claim or an understanding of our disability
program’s policies and evidentiary requirements.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(c),
416.920c(c). Generally, the ALJ is not required to explain how the other factors
were considered. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(b)(2), 416.920c(b)(2). However,
when the ALJ finds that two or more medical opinions or prior administrative
findings on the same issue are equally well-supported and consistent with the

record but are not exactly the same, the ALJ must explain how “the other most
persuasive factors in paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(5)” were considered. 20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1520c(b)(3), 416.920c(b)(3).
Supportability and consistency are the most important factors in
evaluating the persuasiveness of a medical opinion and the ALJ must explain
how both factors were considered. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(b)(2),
416.920c(b)(2). The supportability factor examines how well a medical source
supported their own opinion with “objective medical evidence” and “supporting

explanations.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(c)(1), 416.920c(c)(1). The consistency
factor calls for a comparison between the medical opinion and “the evidence from
other medical sources and nonmedical sources” in the record. 20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520c(c)(2), 416.920c(c)(2).
An ALJ continues to have the duty to evaluate every medical opinion in
the record regardless of its source. Hamlin v. Barnhart, 365 F.3d 1208, 1215
(10th Cir. 2004). He may not “pick and choose among medical reports, using
portions of evidence favorable to his position while ignoring other evidence.”

Hardman v. Barnhart, 362 F.3d 676, 681 (10th Cir. 2004); see also Haga v.
Astrue, 482 F.3d 1205, 1208 (10th Cir. 2007) (finding an ALJ “is not entitled to
pick and choose through an uncontradicted medical opinion, taking only the
parts that are favorable to a finding of nondisability”). If he rejects an opinion
completely, the ALJ must give “specific, legitimate reasons” for doing so. Watkins
v. Barnhart, 350 F.3d 1297, 1300 (10th Cir. 2003) (internal citations omitted).
Here, the ALJ found the opinions of state reviewing psychologist, Dr.

Holloway and Dr. Gunter, to be “generally persuasive.” (Tr. 30). Despite this, the
ALJ did not adopt the functional limitation assigned by both psychologists. Dr.
Holloway and Dr. Gunter both opined that Claimant should be limited to one to
two step tasks. (Tr. 140, 157). The ALJ came to this conclusion by finding that
the records from Claimant’s treating physician were inconsistent with the one to
two step task limitation. (Tr. 30).
Dr. Farrow completed a medical opinion form based on her observations
as Claimant’s treating physician. Although she did not state with specificity a

functional limitation with respect to the complexity of tasks that Claimant could
perform, Dr. Farrow did opine that Claimant could not maintain attention and
concentration for extended periods. (Tr. 30). The ALJ found Dr. Farrow’s opinion
to likewise be unpersuasive specifically discounting Dr. Farrow’s opinion
pertaining to Claimant’s concentration by finding it inconsistent with Dr.
Farrow’s own treatment notes reporting “fair concentration.” (Tr. 30). For this
same reason, the ALJ found Dr. Holloway and Dr. Gunter’s limitation on
complexity of tasks to be inconsistent with medical records. (Tr. 30).

This Court cannot be assured that the ALJ’s decision was guided by the
objective medical evidence rather than his own personal opinion and medical
knowledge. Clearly, an ALJ cannot substitute his own medical opinion for that
of a medical professional. Miller v. Chater, 99 F.3d 972, 977 (10th Cir. 1996). In
rejecting the conclusions of three physician’s it is clear to this Court that the ALJ
substituted is own medical opinion for that of qualified medical professionals.
On remand, the ALJ shall provide specific, legitimate reasons for rejecting the

medical opinion evidence of Dr. Holloway, Dr. Gutner, and Dr. Farrow.
Claimant further argues that the ALJ erred in considering Dr. Ward’s
opinion. Clamant specifically contends that the ALJ concluded Claimant would
not suffer any limitations due to her bipolar manic disorder in contradiction to
Dr. Ward’s opinion that Claimant’s bipolar disorder would result in work-related
impairments. Although this Court will not address this argument at this time,
on remand the ALJ should re-evaluate his consideration of Dr. Ward’s opinion
to be sure it conforms with applicable standards. Given that this Court is

reversing on the ALJ’s improper consideration of medical evidence, it need not
address the additional arguments at this time.
Conclusion
The decision of the Commissioner is not supported by substantial evidence
and the correct legal standards were not applied. Therefore, the Magistrate Judge
finds for the above and foregoing reasons, the ruling of the Commissioner of
Social Security Administration should be and is REVERSED and the case be
REMANDED for further proceedings.

DATED this 27th day of March, 2023.
________________________________________
JASON A. ROBERTSON
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10385640. Public record. Not legal advice.