# Garrett v. Provident Life and Casualty Insurance Company

> District Court, E.D. New York · May 22, 2020

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10304269

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, E.D. New York
- **Decided:** May 22, 2020
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
------------------------------------------------------------------X
DENISE GARRETT,

Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM AND
ORDER
- against - 11-CV-133 (RRM) (JO)

PROVIDENT LIFE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE
COMPANY n/k/a UNUMPROVIDENT, INC.; JOHN
DOES 1-5; and ABC CORPORATIONS 1-5,

Defendants.
------------------------------------------------------------------X
ROSLYNN R. MAUSKOPF, Chief United States District Judge.

Plaintiff Denise Garrett brings this action against defendants Provident Life and Casualty
Insurance (“Provident Life”), John Does 1-5, and ABC Corporations 1-5, under the Employment
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq., challenging
Provident Life’s termination of disability benefits. (Comp. (Doc. No. 1) ¶ 31.) Before the Court
are the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment. (Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary
Judgment (“Pl.’s MSJ”) (Doc. No. 47); Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment (“Def.’s
MSJ”) (Doc. No. 48).) For the reasons set forth below, the motions are denied.
BACKGROUND
The undisputed facts of this case are taken from Plaintiff’s Local Civil Rule 56.1
Statement (“Pl. 56.1”) (Doc. No. 47-3), Defendant’s Responses to Plaintiff’s 56.1 Statement
(Doc. No. 47-8), Defendant’s Local Civil Rule 56.1 Statement (“Def. 56.1”) (Doc. No. 50),
Plaintiff’s Responses to Defendant’s 56.1 Statement (Doc. No. 52), the Administrative Record
(“AR”) (Doc. No. 46), and Garrett’s Supplemental Record (“SR”) (Doc. No. 55).
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I. Factual Background
a. Garrett’s Claim Submission
Provident Life issued a policy of individual disability income insurance to Garrett
effective April 1, 1995 (the “Policy”). (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 5.) The Policy defines “Total Disability” as:
Total Disability or totally disabled before your 55th birthday or before benefits
have been paid for ten years for a period of disability, whichever is later means
that due to Injuries or Sickness:
1. you are not able to perform the substantial and material duties of your
occupation; and
2. you are receiving care by a Physician which is appropriate for the condition
causing you disability. We will waive this requirement when continued care
would be of no benefit to you.
(Def. 56.1 ¶ 2.) “Your occupation” is defined under the Policy as “the occupation (or
occupations, if more than one) in which you are regularly engaged at the time you become
disabled.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 3.)
Garrett was employed as an office manager at New York Physical/KMR Rehabilitation.
(Pl. 56.1 ¶ 2.) In February 2001, Garrett filed a claim asserting that she was disabled from her
job beginning November 22, 2000. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 4.) Garrett reported that she was in a car
accident on November 22, 2000, and as a result suffered from numbness in her neck and face,
pain in her lower back, both legs, and right shoulder. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 4.) On her disability claim
form, Garrett told Provident Life that her job involved “supervis[ing] a staff of approx. 25
clerical workers,” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 7), and listed her job duties as “posting payment on computer,
payroll, billing, staff meetings and administration,” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 15). Garrett’s former assistant,
Javeer Torres, filled out Garrett’s employer questionnaire, which described Garrett’s duties as
“Payroll, Posting of Payments in Computer, Conducting staff Meetings, Billing in Computer, All
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Administrative Duties, Handling all problems with attorneys and patients.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 22; Def.
56.1 ¶¶ 8–9.)
Garrett provided Provident Life with an attending physician’s statement from Dr.
Osafratu Opam, who was a physician in the group rehab practice where Garrett worked. (Pl.
56.1 ¶ 14; Def. 56.1 ¶ 5.) Dr. Opam’s February 12, 2001, report documented Garrett’s reported
symptoms, which included pain in her neck, back, and right shoulder, and headaches

immediately following the accident. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 18.) Dr. Opam noted that Garrett was seen at the
hospital and was discharged to the care of her doctors. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 18.) Dr. Opam reported that
Garrett complained of the following: “headaches, facial muscle pain, neck pain/stiffness
radiation down right shoulder, difficulty sleeping and lifting, lower back pain aggravated by
lifting, changing positions and bending, numbness and tingling down right side of face and right
shoulder, shooting pains down right arm, difficulty standing, bending and walking, and right
shoulder pain.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 18.) Dr. Opam found that Garrett had a decreased range of motion
and weakness in the cervical and lumbar spine, and right shoulder. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 19.) Dr. Opam
concluded that Garrett’s disabling medical conditions were from the car accident. (Pl. 56.1 ¶
18.) He diagnosed her with disc herniation at L5-S1, C3-4, C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7, and right

shoulder internal derangement. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 18.) Dr. Opam based his diagnosis of Garrett with
disc herniation on MRIs conducted at Ultra Diagnostics Imaging. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 17.) Garrett
provided the MRIs to Provident Life and Provident Life disputes the findings of the MRIs. (Pl.
56.1 ¶ 17; Def. Resp. to Pl. 56.1 ¶ 17.)
On February 13, 2001, Provident Life conducted a “Claimant Telephone Interview” with
Garrett in which she advised that her role as an office manager required her to sit at a computer
for 90% of the day. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 20.) On February 14, 2001, Dr. Harry Citronenbaum performed
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electrodiagnostic testing, which showed lumbar radiculopathy, L4-5 lumbar dysfunction, cervical
radiculopathy, post-traumatic myofascitis, and cervical disc dysfunction. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 50.) On
February 19, 2001, Dr. Opam conducted somatosensory testing of Garrett’s upper and lower
extremities, which he interpreted as abnormal. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 21.) An EEG was also conducted on
February 19, 2001, which was interpreted as “abnormal and consistent with structural disorder.”
(Pl. 56.1 ¶ 21.) Provident Life disputes Dr. Opam’s interpretation of the somatosensory testing.

(Def. Resp. to Pl. 56.1 ¶ 21.)
b. Provident Life’s Initial Approval of Benefits
On March 15, 2001, Provident Life accepted Garrett’s claim and began paying $3,450
monthly. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 24; Def. 56.1 ¶ 10.) On March 30, 2001, Nurse Theresa Dick, a clinical
consultant, reviewed Garrett’s MRI reports and concluded that the medical findings “could
support reports of limited ability to bend, lift & walk or stand for extended periods of time
without changing position. It could also support finding of (R) leg symptomatology, however
the cause of the (L) leg symptoms are not clear to me at this time.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 11; AR209.)
Nurse Dick noted that “the findings related to Ms. Garrett’s cervical spine & (R) shoulder could
support reports of limited ability to lift, carry, reach, push, or pull.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 12.) She also

stated that Garrett “has been participating in a formal PT program with ‘slow improvement
obtaining progressive general relief of symptoms’ as documented by Dr. Opam in his 2/12/01
letter.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 12.) Nurse Dick reviewed the MRI reports that Garrett supplied to
Provident Life and observed that Garrett’s doctors amended the diagnostic report upon multiple
reviews but there was “no notation anywhere indicating that the last 2 copies were amended.”
(Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 14–15.)

4
Pursuant to the terms of the Policy, Garrett completed monthly statements describing her
activities. (Pl. 56.1 ¶¶ 25–26.) Garrett’s March 13, 2001, statement described her activities as
mostly staying at home and doing chores with assistance. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 26.) Dr. Opam, who filled
out the attending physician’s statement portion of Garrett’s monthly statement, stated that
Garrett’s “prognosis to full and complete recovery is guarded at this time.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 26.)

In April 2001, an investigator working for Provident Life interviewed Garrett. (Def. 56.1
¶¶ 17–18.) The investigator observed that Garrett walked with a shuffled gait, dragging her left
leg, but did not appear to be suffering from any neck or back discomfort. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 18.)
Garrett told the investigator that she used a cane “when in public” and that “her left leg tends to
go out on her and when it does she has to drag it as she walks.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 19.) Garrett
reported that she could not drive so she relies on family members or car services to take her to

her PT appointments. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 35.) Garrett also told the investigator that she “currently treats
[sic] in Dr. Opam’s office four times a week mainly receiving heat packs and electro
stimulation.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 20.) The investigator also interviewed Dr. Opam who said that he
examines Garrett monthly and that she is “unable to type due to her c[ervical]-spine restrictions,
and unable to sit at length due to her lower back limitations.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 21–22.) The
investigator reported that Dr. Opam said that Garrett remained totally disabled. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 30.)
The investigator concluded his report with the following:
The insured’s medical records appear to support a total disability with respect to
her occupation. I do however have some reservations regarding the actual extent
of her limitations. We may want to consider performing a surveillance to observe
her limitations and to monitor her activity.
(Pl. 56.1 ¶ 38.)
5
Garrett’s May 2001 monthly statement was consistent with her prior statements. She was
able to do chores with assistance and Dr. Opam reported that Garrett remained totally disabled
because of her disc herniations, right shoulder injury, headaches, and neck, back and right
shoulder pain. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 32.) In June, Garrett underwent surgery to repair her right rotator cuff.
(Pl. 56.1 ¶ 39.) Garrett’s monthly statements continued to report the same symptoms. (Pl. 56.1
¶¶ 40–46.) In a November 14, 2001, attending physician statement, Dr. Opam reported that he

was seeing Garrett monthly and Garrett’s “limitations” were lifting/bending/carrying/prolonged
walking. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 23.)
On January 21, 2002, Nurse Carolyn Guertin conducted a clinical medical review of the
claim file at the request of Dawn Doud, an Associate Customer Care Specialist at Provident Life.
(Pl. 56.1 ¶¶ 52–53; AR98–102.) She found that the restrictions and limitations indicated by Dr.
Opam “appear consistent with the medical record information provided at this time.” (Pl. 56.1
¶¶ 52–53.) She believed that Garrett was receiving appropriate medical treatment. (Pl. 56.1 ¶¶
52–53.)
Between January and May 2002, Garrett’s monthly statements consistently reported
chronic pain, muscle spasm, and facial numbness. Her activities had not changed, and Dr. Opam

confirmed that there was no change in her medical conditions or restrictions and limitations. (Pl.
56.1 ¶¶ 47, 54–57.) By May, she reported that she could do some household chores and only
needed assistance “sometimes.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 58.) Garrett told Provident Life that her ability to
work was impeded by “constant chronic pain, muscle spasm, pain in [her] neck, lower back and
right shoulder. Shooting pain from [her] hand to [her] elbow. Facial numbness, left leg tingling
and numbness.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 24.)

6
Also in May 2002, Provident Life’s investigator conducted another field visit and noted
that Garrett “limped as she walked in a side-to-side manner favoring her left leg which appeared
to drag somewhat.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 25–26.) The investigator reported that Garrett’s “torso,
shoulders, and arms have a toned athletic appearance.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 27.) Garrett told the
investigator that her lower back pain prevented her from standing or walking more than thirty
minutes or sitting in the same position more than fifteen minutes. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 60; Def. 56.1 ¶ 29.)

On May 20, 2002, the Social Security Administration notified Garrett that she did “not
qualify for benefits on this claim” because she was “not disabled under [Social Security
Administration] rules.” (AR188.) The letter explained that Garret’s claim was denied because
her “condition is not severe enough to keep [her] from working.” (AR190.) The letter also
notified Garrett that she had the right to appeal. (AR189.)
In the summer of 2002, Garrett had two independent medical examinations (“IME”) for
unrelated insurance disputes in connection with her car accident. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 30.) Dr. Michael
Katz, an orthopedic surgeon, concluded that Garrett’s “right shoulder has been essentially
restored to normal” and that Garrett “has no permanence [of disability] with regard to the neck.”
(Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 31–32.) Regarding Garrett’s left foot, Dr. Katz had “difficulty with this

constellation of symptoms since the MRI [report] of the lumbosacral spine indicates disc
herniations pressing on the opposite side. . . . The exact reason for the cavus foot, the clawing of
the toes and the foot drop is still something of a mystery.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 69; Def. 56.1 ¶ 32.) Dr.
Katz was also “perplexed” by Garrett’s gait, observing: “[T]his lady has seen so many doctors
and … this condition, which is affecting her gait, is not mentioned in any of the records.” (Def.
56.1 ¶ 33.) Dr. Katz was also “perplexed . . . that the findings on the EMGs for the upper
extremities and the lower extremities are exactly the same.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 33.)
7
The second IME was conducted by Dr. Ira Turner, a neurologist. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 35.) Dr.
Turner reviewed Dr. Opam’s Somatosensory Evoked Potential tests and noted that these studies
of the upper extremities and lower extremities made “no sense.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 36.) Dr. Turner
found that Dr. Opam’s EMG reports “reveal more questions than answers” and noted that several
reports “only describe musculoskeletal pain” and “did not contain anything resembling a
neurological exam.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 37–38.) Dr. Turner reviewed the MRI reports and “strongly

advised” that an independent neuroradiological review of the MRI study be conducted “due to
the striking lack of correlation.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 39.) He then examined Garrett, and found “an
exaggerated antalgic gait” and normal strength “[e]xcept for give-way type ‘weakness’ of the
entire left lower extremity in a nonanatomic distribution.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 40.) Dr. Turner
concluded that Garrett had no disabilities and found the electrodiagnostic studies “technically
suspect.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 42–43.)
Garrett continued submitting monthly statements reflecting that her pain and daily
activities were unchanged and Dr. Opam continued to note these symptoms in the attending
physician’s statement. (Pl. 56.1 ¶¶ 62–64, 70, 73.)
c. Provident Life Continues to Evaluate Garrett

In May 2003, Dr. Howard Baum, an orthopedic surgeon, examined Garrett. (Def. 56.1 ¶
44.) He reported that Garrett was “neurovascularly intact in both upper and lower extremities
with normal sensory exam and no atrophy.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 44.) Dr. Baum diagnosed cervical and
lumbar radiculopathies and found that Garrett’s “cervical and lumbar range of motion were
restricted to 2/3rd of normal on all plan[e]s.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 78.) Garrett returned to Dr. Baum on
July 2, 2003, and August 6, 2003, complaining of increasing left knee pain. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 79.)

8
On August 11, 2003, Garrett was notified of her successful Social Security
Administration appeal. (AR1161.) Administrative Law Judge Jane Polisar disagreed with the
initial determination and found that Garrett “has been disabled within the meaning of the Social
Security Act since November 22, 2000, the alleged date of the disability onset.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶¶
107–09; AR1161.) She found, among other things, that Garrett’s allegations of lower back pain,
right shoulder pain, and neck pain were supported by the record. (Pl. 56.1 ¶¶ 107–09.)

Provident Life did not receive Judge Polisar’s decision until a later date. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 107.)
Provident Life’s investigator interviewed Garrett again on August 25, 2003. (Def. 56.1 ¶
46.) The investigator reported that Garrett “walked in a slow and uneven manner dragging her
left leg.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 44.) Garrett discussed her continued pain with the investigator and
claimed she remained totally disabled because she was “unable to sit at her desk for extended
periods, talk excessively on a telephone, perform data entry, perform filing, and supervise an
office staff.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 76.) The investigator suggested “performing a surveillance at some
point in an effort to observe her day-to-day limitations.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 77.)
On October 3, 2003, Garrett had knee surgery for an internal derangement of the left
knee. She was diagnosed with a fracture of the medial femoral condyle and lateral pressure

syndrome after surgery. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 81.)
i. Dr. Krishna’s Examination
On December 12, 2004, Dr. Ragna Krishna, a neurologist and one of Garrett’s treating
physicians, performed a neurological examination on Garrett and noted that she had restricted
range of motion in both the cervical and lumbar spine and decreased sensation in the outer left
leg and left arm. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 88.) Dr. Krishna concluded that Garrett’s “clinical findings are
consistent with a persistent neuropathic pain syndrome secondary to her trauma of November 22,
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2000.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 88.) Dr. Krishna confirmed the presence of chronic left C5-C6 cervical
radiculopathy and chronic L5-S1 lumbosacral radiculopathy based on EMG testing performed on
November 19, 2004. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 99.) Included in Dr. Krishna’s records was an MRI report of the
lumbar spine that showed a posterior disc bulge at L4-L5, mild narrowing of the spinal canal at
L5-S1, and a slightly right-sided disc herniations at L5-S1. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 100.)
ii. Additional Examinations, Record Reviews, and Investigation

On January 22, 2005, one of Garrett’s treating physicians reported that Garrett continued
to suffer from disc herniation at C3-C7, disc herniation at L5-S1, cervical radiculopathy, and left
leg numbness, among other things. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 87; AR648.) Garrett completed monthly
statements for each month in 2004. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 86.) In those statements, she continued to report
pain in her lower back, right shoulder, and left knee, left leg numbness with curling toes, and
tingling in both legs. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 86.)
On September 5, 2005, Garrett saw Dr. Baum and complained of right hip pain. (Pl. 56.1
¶ 106.) In September 2005, Nurse Raquel Hills reviewed the medical evidence in Garrett’s file
at the request of Provident Life, including the IME reports of Drs. Katz and Turner. (Def. 56.1 ¶
50.) Nurse Hills reported “significant inconsistencies in physical exam findings available for

review, lack of updated diagnostic studies, questionable treatment from the insured’s providers
as well as lack of clarity regarding the insured’s current level of functioning.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 51.)
Nurse Hills referred the file for medical peer review, which was performed in October 2005 by
Dr. Joel Saks, an orthopedic surgeon who was the Vice President/Associate Medical Director for
UnumProvident (now Provident Life). (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 94; Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 52–53.) Dr. Saks spoke with
Garrett’s neurologist, Dr. Krishna, who confirmed to Dr. Saks his findings that Garrett showed
increasing atrophy in her left leg and arm since his initial examination on November 19, 2004.
10
(Pl. 56.1 ¶ 96.) Nevertheless, Dr. Saks reported that Garrett “has multiple complaints throughout
her body not substantiated by objective findings.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 54.) He noted that the
“electrodiagnostic studies are questionable, according to IME of Dr. Turner, who recommended
independent re-review of MRI studies” and that there were “variable findings about the left leg
and foot which are not explainable by imagining studies or normal anatomical pathways.” (Def.
56.1 ¶ 55.) He suggested that additional data from observers and an “activities check” would be

helpful. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 57.)
Provident Life’s investigator interviewed Garrett again on October 19, 2005. (Def. 56.1 ¶
58.) He observed that her gait was “uneven, but fairly swift.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 59.) Garrett told the
investigator that her chronic pain through her neck was persistent, and that she experienced
shooting pain into her shoulder, chronic pain across her lower back, and sciatic pain through both
legs. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 60.) Garrett also told the investigator that she developed a locking sensation
within the right hip and consulted Dr. Baum, who prescribed a right hip MRI and bone density
exam. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 91.) Dr. Baum advised that bones within the right hip were rubbing but could
be improved through “arthroscopy.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 91.) Garrett scheduled the surgery for October
20, 2010. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 91.) Garrett continued to complain of pain in her neck, shoulder, and lower

back, and sciatic pain through both legs. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 91.)
Provident Life conducted an “activities check” by obtaining surveillance of Garrett on
October 18–21, 2005, for ten hours each day. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 92; Def. 56.1 ¶ 61.) The investigator
observed and filmed Garrett engaged in numerous activities with no apparent signs of an
abnormal gait or pain, including walking up her porch steps, carrying empty water-cooler bottles,
using her left arm to pull an empty garbage can, carrying several plastic grocery bags in her left
hand, and carrying grocery bags up her porch steps. (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 62–71.)
11
On January 23, 2006, Nurse Sandra Thibeault performed a review of Garrett’s file and
the surveillance footage at the request of Provident Life. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 102; Def. 56.1 ¶ 72.) Nurse
Thibeault confirmed that the EMG/NCS studies done by Dr. Krishna note chronic C5-6 and L5-
S1 radiculopathies. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 103.) Nurse Thibeault noted that the restrictions and limitations
placed on Garrett might be appropriate but found that Garrett’s statements to doctors and
Provident Life’s investigator were “inconsistent with the level of activity noted during activity

check.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 103; Def. 56.1 ¶ 73.)
In June 2006, Garrett submitted a statement from Dr. Krishna indicating the following
restrictions and limitations: “pushing, pulling, lifting, stooping, prolonged sitting & standing.”
(Def. 56.1 ¶ 75.) Dr. Saks again reviewed Garrett’s file and concluded that it did “not provide
adequate information to assess status. Insured’s statements to investigator were inconsistent with
surveillance observations. Insured is seen to have significant capability for multiple activities.
… IME would be helpful to assess status.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 76–77.)
Provident Life’s investigator surveilled Garrett on July 17–19, 2006. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 112;
Def. 56.1 ¶ 78.) The surveillance revealed Garrett moving without any apparent signs of pain or
difficulty. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 79.) The investigator saw Garrett: walk onto her pool deck and bend at

the waist to vacuum her pool, hold a baby (including with her left arm), carry bags from the
grocery store, and walk without a limp. (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 80–85.) Provident Life collected
additional surveillance of Garrett on September 27–29, 2006. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 114; Def. 56.1 ¶ 103.)
The investigator saw Garrett walking, running across the street, and lifting bags and other items
without any apparent pain. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 104.)
iii. Dr. Anant’s IME

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On September 28, 2006, Dr. Ashok Anant, a neurosurgeon, performed an IME of Garrett
at Provident Life’s request. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 86; AR1544.) Garrett told Dr. Anant that she was “able
to sit and stand for 45-60 minutes [and] able to drive for short distances.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 87.) Dr.
Anant examined Garrett and found that Garrett’s “cervical spine movements are normal in
flexion, extension, lateral rotation, and lateral tilt.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 88.) Dr. Anant observed
“voluntary limitation” of lumbar spine flexion and found “no foot-drop or foot dorsiflexor or

plantar flexor weakness. … Her gait is intact, but she keeps her toes flexed on the left side,
which does make her limp from time to time on the left leg. When she wears sneakers and walks
on level ground, there is no limp.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 90–91.) He further found her neurological
examination to be normal and found the results of the EMG, EEG, nerve conduction velocity
testing, and SSEP testing to be suspect. (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 92–94.) Regarding Garrett’s left foot, Dr.
Anant found that her “cavus deformity and ‘spasms’ has [sic] no correlation with the patient’s
MRI scan findings or with the results of EMG testing. I believe this is a functional component or
the patient is malingering.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 95.) Dr. Anant reviewed the surveillance footage
collected by Provident Life’s investigator and noted that it showed that Garrett “is not limited in
any specific way with regard to daily activities. The videotapes reveal that she did not guard any

movements of her cervical or lumbar spine and was able to perform fairly significant manual
physical tasks without limitations. … This would go along with my neurological examination,
which indicates no significant motor or sensory abnormalities.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 96.) Dr. Anant
concluded that Garrett was not disabled and was capable of performing tasks that she would be
expected to perform as an office manager. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 97.) At a later date, Provident Life
provided Garrett’s 2000 MRIs to Dr. Anant. He found the MRI of the lumbar spine “essentially
normal except for mild degeneration of the L5-S1 disc space” and the cervical MRI to be
13
completely “normal.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 100–01.) He stated that he was “unable to review the MRI
of the right hip” because it was “out of his area of expertise.” (AR1644.) Dr. Anant disagreed
with the report from Garrett’s 2000 MRI of the cervical spine the found herniated discs at C3-4,
C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7. (AR1644.) Dr. Anant found the quality of the cervical spine MRI
“certainly not good enough to make a comment about neural foraminal stenosis” and in his
opinion there was “no significant disc herniation at any of these levels.” (AR1644.)

On October 25, 2006, Dr. Saks reviewed Dr. Anant’s IME report and the surveillance
footage. (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 105–06.) He summarized the footage as follows: “[I]nsured was observed
to be carrying out an active lifestyle. She was observed walking, cleaning the pool, lifting the
baby, swimming. . . . At no point did she appear to have any self-imposed restrictions or
difficulties with these activities.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 106.)
Dr. Saks sent Dr. Anant’s IME report to Garrett’s treating physician, Dr. Krishna. (Def.
56.1 ¶ 107.) On October 26, 2006, Dr. Saks and Dr. Krishna spoke on the phone regarding
Garrett. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 108.) Dr. Krishna told Dr. Saks that he had not reviewed Dr. Anant’s IME
report. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 110.) Dr. Krishna told Dr. Saks that Garrett “needs a cane to walk and
ambulates with an antalgic gait. She cannot put full weight on the left leg and walks with

difficulty . . . [and] limps badly.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 109.) Dr. Krishna told Dr. Saks that Garrett had
radiculopathy in her left leg and could only sit for hour-long periods without needing to stand or
lie down. (AR1555.) Dr. Saks memorialized their conversation in a letter to Dr. Krishna, which
Dr. Saks asked Dr. Krishna to amend, if necessary, and sign to indicate that the letter accurately
reflected their conversation. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 119; Def. 56.1 ¶ 108.) On November 7, 2006, Dr.
Krishna returned a copy of the letter on which he wrote that Garrett “was not fit for gainfull [sic]
employment.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 120; Def. 56.1 ¶ 112; AR1559.)
14
iv. Dr. Katz’s IME
On March 14, 2007, Provident Life wrote to Garrett to advise her that they would
conduct a second IME and to advise her of Dr. Anant’s opinion that she had no disability. (Pl.
56.1 ¶ 125; AR1683–88.) Among the numerous records that Provident Life provided to Dr. Katz
for his review was the surveillance Provident Life’s investigator collected. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 128;
AR1685–86.) On April 11, 2007, Dr. Katz examined Garrett again and performed an IME at the

request of Provident Life. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 126; Def. 56.1 ¶ 113.) Dr. Katz reported that Garrett
walked into and out of the examination normally and without the use of a cane. (Def. 56.1 ¶
114.) He found that Garrett had “excellent mobility about her spine” and that there were no
“ongoing limitations in walking, standing, sitting or stooping.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 115–16.) Dr. Katz
concluded that Garrett was “capable of employment as an office manager.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 128; Def.
56.1 ¶ 117.)
Provident Life’s investigator obtained additional surveillance on April 10–12, 2007. (Pl.
56.1 ¶ 130; Def. 56.1 ¶ 118.) The investigator observed Garrett limping as she left her
appointment with Dr. Katz and walking without a limp as she exited her car at her home. (Def.
56.1 ¶ 119.)

d. Provident Life Terminates Garrett’s Benefits
On May 11, 2007, Provident Life notified Garrett that it was terminating her benefits
under the Policy. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 135; Def. 56.1 ¶ 120.) The letter reprints the definitions of “Total
Disability” and “Your Occupation” as they appear in the Policy. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 121.) After
detailing recent reported symptoms from Garrett’s monthly statement and Dr. Krishna’s
restrictions, “no lifting, pulling or pushing,” the letter states that Provident Life has “observed
your level of activity over the past year, and it appears inconsistent with the restrictions and
15
limitations you are claiming.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 135.) The letter notes that while Garrett was awarded
Social Security Disability Income (“SSDI”) benefits, the SSDI file “did not contain any
investigations into your activities, nor did it contain recent medical documentation, . . . the
information contained in our IME reports, the auto carrier IME reports, or the results of our
investigations into your activities, none of which support your claim for benefits.” (Def. 56.1 ¶
122.) The letter concludes: “The medical records contained in your file, the results of our

investigations, and the results of the IMEs performed by Dr. Anant and by Dr. Katz do not
support a condition which would preclude you from performing the material and substantial
duties of your pre-disability occupation as an Office Manager.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 123–24.) The
letter notified Garrett of her right to appeal the termination. (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 125–26.)
e. Garrett’s Appeal of Provident Life’s Termination of Benefits
Although Provident Life provided Garrett with her claim file, that file did not include
Provident Life’s surveillance video or investigatory report. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 138.) On July 10, 2007,
Garrett’s counsel requested the surveillance and investigatory materials from Provident Life, but
Provident Life responded that Garrett was not entitled to the requested materials. (Pl. 56.1 ¶
139.) Garrett disputes the legitimacy the appeal process despite her technical appeal on August

27, 2007, in light of Provident Life’s refusal to provide the surveillance footage and investigatory
materials and contends that she was precluded from preparing an appeal without those materials.
(Pl. 56.1 ¶¶ 140–41; Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 125–26.) Garrett’s attorney did not provide additional medical
evidence or argument regarding her claim and only technically appealed “under protest.” (Pl.
56.1 ¶ 140; Def. 56.1 ¶ 127.)
For the appeal, Provident Life obtained peer review from Dr. Charles Sternberg, a
neurosurgeon. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 128.) Dr. Sternberg criticized Garrett’s medical evidence and agreed
16
with Dr. Anant that the 2000 MRI images “do not correlate” with the radiology reports. (Def.
56.1 ¶¶ 129–30.) Dr. Sternberg found no “evidence of credible anatomical injury” from the
accident and found that the surveillance demonstrated Garrett’s “consistent ability to move with
a fluid and normal gait and to engage in a variety of active physical activities without apparent
discomfort.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 131–32.) Dr. Sternberg concluded that there were no restrictions or
limitations preventing Garrett from “full time light work activities.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 133.)

Dr. Isadore Yablon, an orthopedic surgeon, also provided a peer review of Garrett’s
records. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 128.) Dr. Yablon reviewed the medical evidence and surveillance footage
and concluded that there was “no evidence” that Garrett “is suffering any impairment at present .
. . . She is able to return to her usual work as an office manager at any time without restrictions.”
(Def. 56.1 ¶ 134.)
On October 29, 2007, Provident Life notified Garrett that it completed its review and was
upholding its termination of her benefits. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 135.) On July 21, 2008, Provident Life
sent Garrett’s attorney the entire claim file including all of the surveillance material,
acknowledging that Garrett’s claim was “governed by ERISA” and that Garrett was entitled to
the full file. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 143.)

f. Garrett’s Social Security Administration Claim
In addition to providing Garrett with the surveillance footage, Provident Life also
provided the Social Security Administration with the surveillance footage. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 147.) In
May 2009, the Social Security Administration terminated SSDI benefits, stating that Garrett’s
“condition improved” and “does not prevent [her] from returning to work.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 145.)
The SSDI determination was based at least in part on a March 30, 2009, IME by Dr. Jerome

17
Caiati, an orthopedist, who concluded that Garrett could “sit unrestricted. Stand or climb with
minimal limitation due to left knee pain. . . .” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 146–47.)
Garrett challenged the Social Security Administration’s denial of benefits and a
Disability Hearing was held on December 11, 2009. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 147; Def. 56.1 ¶ 148.) The
decision reflects that the NYS Insurance Fraud Bureau investigated Garrett:
The claimant was observed entering the premises of Phys Therapy and Chiro
Cent. She was seen entering on 4 occasions during 5-08 during office and
nonoffice hours when the facility was not open to patients. They concluded that
she may be working at this location. NYS Insurance Fund [sic] referred the case
to the SSA Inspector General. The doctors at the same Phys Therapy and Chiro
Cent. were interviewed about the claimants [sic] relationship with them and they
refused to answer questions and retained counsel.
(Def. 56.1 ¶ 149; SR471.) Garrett denied that she was working at Phys Therapy and Chiro Cent.
and claimed to have been visiting a friend. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 150.) On May 25, 2010, the Social
Security Administration concluded that Garrett was disabled and her benefits should continue, in
part because the investigation was “inconclusive and does not clearly document that the claimant
is working.” (Def. 56.1 ¶ 151; SR463–78.)
g. Garrett’s Guilty Plea
On January 6, 2015, Garrett pleaded guilty to Petit Larceny in the Criminal Court of the
City of New York, Kings County, in connection with an unrelated matter. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 153.)
The crime involved an insurance fraud wherein Garrett falsely notified Guardian Life Insurance
Company of America (“Guardian”) that a relative had died and that she was the guardian of
juveniles who were beneficiaries of a life insurance policy. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 155.) Garrett requested
that all future correspondence be directed to her and transferred the proceeds of the policy,
$232,934.02, into her own account. (Def. 56.1 ¶ 155.) Garrett was ordered to pay restitution of
the $232,934.02. (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 156–57.)
18
II. Procedural History
On August 6, 2010, Garrett filed this lawsuit against Provident Life in New York
Supreme Court, Kings County. (Complaint (Doc. No. 1).) On January 10, 2011, Provident Life
removed the case to this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 29 U.S.C. § 1132(e). (Notice of
Removal (Doc. No. 1).)
On March 14, 2011, the parties entered into a stipulation, which provided that ERISA

governs the Policy and that Garrett is therefore entitled to the full claim file, including the
surveillance videos and investigatory materials. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 149; Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 136–37; Stipulation
(Doc. No. 4).) Provident Life agreed to conduct an additional administrative review “specifically
for the purpose of allowing plaintiff to introduce argument and evidence regarding the
surveillance videos and investigatory materials (the ‘Remand’),” which was to be provided
“promptly after the entry of this stipulation.” (Def. 56.1 ¶¶ 137–38; Stipulation at 2.)1 The
stipulation provided that the civil action be stayed pending the completion of the review upon
Remand. (Stipulation at 3.) On March 15, 2011, Magistrate Judge James Orenstein “so ordered”
the stipulation. (Order of 3/15/2011.) Two days later, this Court ordered that this action be
administratively closed without prejudice to any party’s right to reopen upon letter request within

30 days of the disposition of the related administrative remand. (Order (Doc. No. 5).)
On July 28, 2016, over five years after the parties entered into the stipulation, Garrett’s
attorney wrote to Provident Life and advocated for Garrett’s benefits to be reinstated. (Exhibit A
to Begos Declaration (Doc. No. 49).) With her appeal, Garrett’s attorney provided Provident
Life with the full Social Security Disability record and noted the Social Security

1 Page numbers for all documents refer to pagination assigned by the Court’s Electronic Case Filing system.
19
Administration’s favorable decision. (Id.) Garrett also provided Provident Life with reports
from doctors who treated Garrett since Provident Life had terminated benefits. (Pl. 56.1 ¶¶ 164–
77.)
Dr. Krishna continued treating Garrett and reported that a September 23, 2008, MRI
showed “posterocentral disc herniation as noted at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels, which demonstrated
ventral impingement on the thecal sac as well as impingement on the intervertebral foramina

bilaterally at each of these locations.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 171.) Dr. Krishna noted in 2009 that Garrett
had chronic pain her low back, right leg, left ankle, and right hip, and had difficulty sitting and
standing. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 172.) Dr. Krishna reported that Garrett was taking Lyrica, Elavil, Flector
patch, Relafen, and Ambien. (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 172.) A November 3, 2015, report from Dr. Krishna
states that Garrett “had multiple epidural injections to cervical/lumbar spine with no sustained
relief.” (Pl. 56.1 ¶ 176; Exhibit C to Heck Aff. (Doc. No. 47-5) at 16.)
Provident Life responded to Garrett’s appeal letter that it was under “no obligation to
conduct an additional administrative review” because Garrett failed to “promptly” provide
Provident with its arguments and evidence that Garrett wanted Provided Life to consider as
agreed to in the 2011 Stipulation. (Exhibit B to Begos Declaration (Doc. No. 49).) Following

this exchange, Garrett sought to reopen the civil case, which Magistrate Judge Orenstein did on
August 26, 2016. On January 18, 2019, both parties moved for summary judgment. (Garrett
Notice of Motion (Doc. No. 47-1); Provident Life Notice of Motion (Doc. No. 48).)
III. The Instant Motions
Garrett’s motion for summary judgment argues that Provident Life wrongfully refused to
review Garrett’s 2016 appeal. (Pl.’s MSJ at 10–14.) Garrett contends that the Court should
review the administrative record and the additional evidence de novo. (Id. at 14–21.) On the
20
merits, Garrett argues that the evidence supports her entitlement to long-term disability benefits
under the Policy. (Id. at 21–28.) Garrett contends that Drs. Opam and Krishna’s reports support
a finding that she is disabled and that their reports were based on various medical tests including
MRIs, EMGs, and SSEPs. (Id.) Garrett argues that Dr. Anant’s report does not disprove
Garrett’s disability in part because Dr. Anant is a paid consultant and because Provident Life did
not provide Dr. Anant with results from all of the tests that doctors performed on Garrett. (Id. at

22–23.) Garrett also addresses Provident Life’s surveillance footage, arguing that the footage
does not support Provident Life’s position that she is not disabled because nothing in the videos
depicts that she is able to do what her job requires – sit at a computer for 80–90% of the day.
(Id. at 27.) Finally, Garrett argues that the examinations, reports, and treatment that continued
after Provident Life terminated disability benefits are consistent with her doctor’s prior findings
and bolster her claim of disability. (Id. at 24–27.)
In opposition to Garrett’s motion for summary judgment, Provident Life agrees that the
Court should conduct a de novo review of the record and does not object to the Court considering
the Garrett’s supplemental documents. (Def.’s Opp. to Pl.’s MSJ (Doc. No. 47-7).) On the
merits of Garrett’s arguments, Provident Life argues that it correctly terminated Garrett’s

benefits based not only on the IMEs performed by Drs. Katz and Anant and the surveillance
footage but also on voluminous additional sources of evidence including reviews by nurses,
interviews with Garrett, and medical reviews by Drs. Saks, Cowell, Sternberg, and Yablon. (Id.
at 15–18.)
Provident Life’s arguments in opposition to plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment are
the same as their arguments in support of their own motion for summary judgment. Provident
Life’s cross-motion for summary judgment argues that the Court should confirm Provident Life’s
21
determination terminating Garrett’s benefits because Garrett has not proven by a preponderance
of the evidence that she is unable to perform the substantial duties of her occupation. (Def.’s
MSJ at 22–27.) Provident Life points to multiple reviews by doctors including, Drs. Anant,
Saks, Sternberg, and Yablon, who all concluded that Garrett is capable of returning to work. (Id.
at 26.) Provident Life also contends that the restrictions and limitations that Garrett’s doctors
found would not preclude Garrett from returning to work as an office manager. (Id. at 27.)

Finally, Provident Life argues that Garrett is not credible because of the surveillance showing
Garrett engaging in various activities without apparent pain or difficulty moving, conclusions by
Dr. Anant that Garrett “could be ‘malingering,’” and Garrett’s 2015 guilty plea to petit larceny
related to an insurance fraud. (Id. at 27.)
In opposition to Provident Life’s cross-motion for summary judgment, Garrett argues that
Garrett’s guilty plea is irrelevant to Garrett’s complaint of pain and should not be considered
because it is inadmissible. (Pl.’s Opp. to Def.’s MSJ (Doc. No. 53).) Citing Naploi v. First
Unum Life. Ins. Co., 78 Fed. App’x 787 (2d Cir. 2003) (summary order), Garrett also argues that
summary judgment is inappropriate because the Court would have to adopt one expert’s opinion
over another’s and the only way summary judgment would be appropriate would be to discount

the opinions of one party’s experts as unreliable as a matter of law. (Id. at 17.) Garrett argues
that the Court cannot grant Provident Life’s motion because the medical opinions that Garrett
offered are not unreliable as a matter of law. (Id. at 18.) Garrett also argues that Provident Life
is not entitled to summary judgment because it failed to perform a vocational analysis and
instead relied on the opinions of Drs. Katz and Anant to opine on what duties Garrett could
perform. (Id. at 24–25.) Garrett contends that these doctors are not qualified to provide such

22
opinions and therefore their opinions as to whether Garrett disabled under the Policy are
meritless. (Id.)
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a Court should grant summary
judgment if there is “no genuine issue as to any material fact.” FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c)(2). A fact
is material if it “might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Anderson v.

Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). In determining whether disputed issues of
material fact exist, the court must draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the non-moving
party. See, e.g., Shapiro v. N.Y. Univ., 640 F. Supp. 2d 411, 417–18 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (citing
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986)).
DISCUSSION
Under ERISA, a beneficiary of a long-term disability plan may bring a civil action “to
recover benefits due to him under the terms of his plan, to enforce his rights under the terms of
the plan, or to clarify his rights to future benefits under the terms of the plan.” 29 U.S.C. §
1132(a)(1)(B). The Supreme Court in Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Bruch explained that “a
denial of benefits . . . is to be reviewed under a de novo standard unless the benefit plan gives the

administrator . . . authority to determine eligibility for benefits or to construe the terms of the
plan.” 489 U.S. 101, 115 (1989). The parties and the Court agree that the Court should review
the Administrative Record de novo because the Policy does not contain a grant of authority to the
administrator to determine eligibility. “Under a de novo standard of review, no deference is
given to the plan administrator’s interpretation of the plan.” Wilson v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., No.
15-CV-752 (MAD) (CFH), 2016 WL 5717370, at *5 (N.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 2016) (citing
Katzenberg v. First Fortis Life Ins. Co., 500 F. Supp. 2d 177, 193–94 (E.D.N.Y. 2007)).
23
In order to establish entitlement to benefits, a plaintiff must “prov[e] by a preponderance
of the evidence that [s]he is totally disabled within the meaning of the plan.” Paese v. Hartford
Life & Accident Ins. Co., 449 F.3d 435, 441 (2d Cir. 2006); see also Critchlow v. First Unum
Life Ins. Co. of Am., 378 F.3d 246, 256–57 (2d Cir. 2004) (“[A]s a matter of general insurance
law, the insured has the burden of proving that a benefit is covered, while the insurer has the
burden of proving that an exclusion applies, and these principles too are applicable in ERISA

cases.”) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). “Although a district court’s de novo
review of an ERISA plan determination is generally limited to the administrative record, a
district court may consider additional evidence for good cause.” Keiser v. CDC Inv. Mgmt.
Corp., 160 F. Supp. 2d 512, 518 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) (citing DeFelice v. Am. Int’l Life Assurance
Co., 112 F.3d 61, 67 (2d Cir. 1997)).
Summary judgment is inappropriate and genuine issues of material fact exist in ERISA
benefit disputes where the Court must adopt one expert’s opinion over another’s. See Napoli, 78
F. App’x at 789 (vacating district court’s grant of summary judgment and remanding for trial
where district court discredited doctor’s opinion that beneficiary should not return to prior
occupation); see also McDonnell v. First Unum Life Ins. Co., No. 10-CV-8140 (RPP), 2013 WL

3975941, at *13 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 5, 2013) (collecting cases). The proper stage for credibility
determinations is at trial. Id. “Summary judgment may only be rendered in such cases where the
opinions of one party’s experts are unreliable as a matter of law.” McDonnell, 2013 WL
3975941, at *13 (citing Napoli, 78 F. App’x at 789).
Here, the parties move for summary judgment as to whether Garrett remained disabled
under the plan on May 11, 2007, and thereafter due to injuries from her November 22, 2000, car
accident, such that Provident Life should have continued to pay long-term disability benefits.
24
The motions are mirror-images of each other and the arguments overlapping. Accordingly, the
Court will consider them together.
To prevail on her claim for benefits, Garrett must demonstrate by a preponderance of the
evidence that she is totally disabled within the meaning of the Policy. The Policy states that
Total Disability means that “you are not able to perform the substantial and material duties of
your occupation.” Garrett’s occupation, an office manager, requires her to work at a computer

for a majority of the day. The Administrative Record is replete with medical evidence submitted
by Garrett and Provident Life. The medical opinions from Garrett’s treating physicians and from
the physicians from whom Provident Life sought review or examination of Garrett offer
conflicting reports and opinions regarding the extent of Garrett’s injuries from her accident, the
veracity of claims of pain and disability, and most importantly, her ability to work as an office
manager.
For example, Dr. Krishna, a neurologist and one of Garrett’s treating physicians,
diagnosed Garrett with chronic left C5-C6 cervical radiculopathy and chronic L5-S1 lumbosacral
radiculopathy revealed on EMG testing performed in 2004. According to Dr. Krishna, an MRI
of Garrett’s lumbar spine showed a posterior disc bulge at L4-L5, mild narrowing of the spinal

canal at L5-S1, and a slightly right-sided disc herniations at L5-S1. After Provident Life’s
termination of benefits, Dr. Krishna continued to treat Garrett and administered epidural
injections and medications to manage pain including, Ambien, Neurontin, Lidoderm Patch,
Xanax, and Elavil. The Court is mindful that it need not automatically accord special weight to
Dr. Krishna’s opinion as Garrett’s treating physician. See Tretola v. First Unum Life Ins. Co.,
No. 13-CV-231 (PAE), 2015 WL 509288, at *29 n.21 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 6, 2015) (quoting Black &
Decker Disability Plan v. Nord, 538 U.S. 822, 832 (2003) (“As the United States Supreme Court
25
has noted, ‘if a consultant engaged by a plan may have an ‘incentive’ to make a finding of ‘not
disabled,’ so a treating physician, in a close case, may favor a finding of ‘disabled.’”)).
On the other hand, Dr. Anant, a neurosurgeon who is one of the multiple doctors who
examined Garrett at Provident Life’s request, found Garrett’s neurological examination normal
and that she had no motor defects. Dr. Anant’s IME report states that Garrett’s “cervical spine
movements are normal . . . .” Dr. Anant found the results of various testing suspect and he

reviewed the surveillance tapes and reported that Garrett was “not limited in any specific way.”
Dr. Anant found that the tapes corroborated his examination of her. He reviewed an MRI from
2000 of the lumbar spine, which he found “essentially normal except for mild degeneration of
the L5-S1 disc space,” and a cervical MRI, which he concluded was “normal.” Dr. Anant
concluded that Garrett was not disabled and could perform the tasks of an office manager.
In an attempt to discredit Dr. Anant’s findings, Garrett claims that Provident Life did not
provide Dr. Anant with Garrett’s 2004 and 2005 MRIs performed by Dr. Krishna and therefore
he was not provided with the full set of data from which to base his opinion. (Pl.’s MSJ at 6.)
This is false. Provident Life repeatedly requested all MRIs and other imaging from both Garrett
and Dr. Krishna and Garrett did not provide it. (AR1512, AR1547.) Garrett attempts to further

discredit Dr. Anant because he was compensated for his review and examination of Garrett by
Provident Life. (Pl.’s MSJ at 22.) The Court cannot assess the credibility of experts at this
stage. That argument can be raised at trial.
After Provident Life sent Dr. Anant’s IME report to Dr. Krishna, Dr. Saks called Dr.
Krishna to discuss the conflicting findings in Dr. Anant’s report and Dr. Krishna’s assessments.
Dr. Saks memorialized their conversation and sent a copy of the letter to Dr. Krishna. The letter
details Dr. Krishna’s assessment of Garrett. Dr. Saks asked Dr. Krishna to sign the letter if he
26
agreed that the contents accurately represented their call. Tellingly, Dr. Krishna added one
sentence to the letter, “[S]he is not fit for gainfull [sic] employment.”
These selected opinions, none of which is unreliable as a matter of law, present genuine
issues of material fact that cannot be resolved at this stage. See Bennett-Brady v. Aetna Life Ins.
Co., No. 14-CV-635S, 2019 WL 483317, at *7 (W.D.N.Y. Feb. 7, 2019). Resolving these issues
would require a credibility determination that cannot be made by the Court on a motion for
summary judgment but can be made when the Court acts as a fact-finder in a bench trial.2

See Napoli, 78 Fed. App’x. at 789; see also Baumer v. Ingram Long Term Disability Plan, 803 F.
Supp. 2d 263, 268 (W.D.N.Y. 2011). Accordingly, upon viewing the administrative record, the
supplemental record, and the parties’ briefs under the de novo standard, this Court finds that
neither party is entitled to summary judgment at this time.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, the parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment are
denied. This action is recommitted to the assigned Magistrate Judge for all remaining pre-trial
matters, including settlement discussions if appropriate.
SO ORDERED.

Dated: Brooklyn, New York Roslynn R. Mauskopf
May 22, 2020 ________________________________
ROSLYNN R. MAUSKOPF
Chief United States District Judge

2 Since the Court cannot consider Garrett’s credibility upon this motion for summary judgment, the admissibility of
Garrett’s guilty plea to petit larceny in connection with an unrelated insurance fraud, which Provident Life argues
bears directly on Garrett’s credibility, need not be addressed. This issue should be raised in a motion in limine prior
to trial.
27

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10304269. Public record. Not legal advice.