# Manley v. Conn

> District Court, S.D. Illinois · December 20, 2023

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10157218

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, S.D. Illinois
- **Decided:** December 20, 2023
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

DOUGLAS L. MANLEY, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
vs. )
)
DANIEL CONN, )
WEXFORD HEALTH SOURCES, INC., )
JAY ROBERT PRITZKER, )
ROB JEFFRIES, )
RACHELL DODD, )
PHIL MARTIN, )
DEBBIE KNAUER, )
ADEWALE KUFORIJI, )
DAVID POOR, )
GLENN BABICH, )
TERRI EVANS, )
KIM STEPHENS, )
SHEILA IKHANYAN, )
TERESA GLENDENNING, )
PENNY ECKEL, )
RENAE SWITZER ) Case No. 23-cv-3146-DWD
WENDY RODRIGUEZ, )
J. WILLIAMS, )
BENJAMIN LEWIS, )
JOHN DOE DEPOSA, )
JANE DOE GOWIN, )
JASON OBERLINK, )
MARIAH WELCH STEADMAN, )
ZACH BEAN, )
JOHN DOE RICE, )
CALEB J. MASON, )
LANCE ELLINGTON, )
KAYCEE GOSNELL, )
MIRAMONY RAYBURN-CHENAULT, )
HILARY GURLEY, )
M. NORD, )
)
Defendants. )
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

DUGAN, District Judge:
Plaintiff Douglas L. Manley, a former inmate of the Illinois Department of
Corrections (IDOC) who is now on parole, brings this civil rights action pursuant to 42
U.S.C. § 1983 for alleged deprivations of his constitutional rights while he was
incarcerated at Robinson Correctional Center. (Doc. 1). Plaintiff alleges that the
Defendants violated his rights in a wide variety of ways by denying needed medical care

and retaliating against him when he attempted to secure the needed care.
Plaintiff’s has applied to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) in this action, so his
Complaint (Doc. 1) is now before the Court for preliminary review pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(e)(2)(B). Under Section 1915(e)(2)(B), the Court is required to screen complaints to
filter out non-meritorious claims. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i-ii). Any portion of a
complaint that is legally frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief may

be granted, or asks for money damages from a defendant who by law is immune from
such relief must be dismissed. At this juncture, the factual allegations of the pro se
complaint are to be liberally construed. Rodriguez v. Plymouth Ambulance Serv., 577 F.3d
816, 821 (7th Cir. 2009).
The Complaint

The Court begins by noting that Plaintiff’s complaint is 58 pages in length, it names
31 defendants, and it is accompanied by hundreds of pages of exhibits. Immediately, this
begs the question if the complaint is short and plain. Nevertheless, Plaintiff is a pro se
litigant so he is afforded broad deference, and the Court reviewed his pleading to
determine if he may have presented viable claims.

Plaintiff’s complaint raises a variety of medical issues while at Robinson. He
complains about waiting nearly ten months for dental procedures, and then of never
receiving dentures, he complains of many issues with access to the catheters he needed
on a daily basis, he complains of the lack of a specialist visit with a urologist for the entire
15 months of his incarceration, he complains of shoulder and neck pain, he complains of
cellulitis in his legs and feet on at least two occasions, and he complains of alleged

retaliation and false discipline. His complaint is divided into four major sections—a
section that recounts his grievance efforts; a section that provides a factual narrative; a
section that identifies legal theories by ‘count’; and a section on the relief sought.
An exhaustive recitation of the factual allegations for this particular complaint is
unnecessary. The Court has closely read the complaint to identify the most prominent

and viable claims for relief. The Court will focus in this review on issues with Plaintiff’s
access to catheters. While he mentions bouts of cellulitis and dental issues, he does not
clearly associate these claims with individuals who failed or refused to treat him (for
example, he does not name a dentist, nor does he identify who he specifically asked for
dental care). Section 1983 liability is premised heavily on the personal liability for

individual actions, so the mention of a potentially serious medical issue without specifics
on efforts to seek care, or the outcome of care is insufficient. As to Plaintiff’s allegations
about neck/shoulder pain, a pinched nerve, and the need for a neurology consult—these
claims are freestanding from the catheter concerns, and from the majority of the
allegations in the complaint. These allegations will be severed into a separate case and
will not be analyzed further in this complaint.

Prior to his incarceration, Plaintiff was diagnosed with a collapsed bladder and
enlarged prostate. (Doc. 1 at 28). A urologist instructed him to use 14 French catheters
at least three times per day, or as needed. Plaintiff was supposed to have a follow-up
appointment with his urologist, in January of 2022 to see if his condition had improved
or if he should consider other treatment, but he missed the appointment because he was
in county jail awaiting a remand to the IDOC. Plaintiff was admitted to the IDOC on

February 4, 2022, at Stateville Correctional Center. Plaintiff arrived at Robinson around
February 25, 2022.
On March 25, 2022, Defendant Gowin told Plaintiff that they were out of the 14
French catheters he used because Defendants Evans and Martin failed to order enough,
or to place the order in time. Gowin directed Plaintiff to reuse the catheters he already

had, though he informed her he could not do that. Plaintiff completely ran out of
catheters on March 27, 2022, at 6a.m.. At 6p.m. he complained to staff that he was in pain
because he needed to urinate. Defendant Stephens told him he would have to wash his
used catheters with soap and water so he could reuse them. Defendants Switzer and
Eckel agreed, even though he told the three that the catheter packaging explicitly said not

to reuse the product. Defendant Bean, a sergeant was present but refused to help.
Defendant Stephens simply told him that if he got an infection they would treat it with
antibiotics.
On March 28, 2022, Plaintiff returned to the sick call line in the morning in severe
pain because he had not urinated in over 26 hours. Defendant Evans went to a local

medical facility and returned with ten catheters. (Doc. 1 at 34). Plaintiff wrote an
emergency grievance about the issue, but on March 29 Defendant Dodd deemed it a non-
emergency.
Around April 4, 2022, Plaintiff sent his grievance for processing, and Defendant
Ellington conferred with Defendant Evans about the access to catheters. Ellington
marked the grievance received on April 21, 2022. Plaintiff also tried to write a letter to

Defendant Dodd on April 27 about his issues, but she only responded to part of his
concerns and indicated she had conferred with Defendant Martin about it.
On April 28, 2022, Plaintiff saw Defendant Dr. Ikhanyan who assured him she
would look into scheduling a bladder exam. On May 18, she provided a written response
to Plaintiff’s query that stated his external consult had been approved and was to be

scheduled. (Doc. 1 at 35).
On May 16, 2022, the medical unit ran out of the lubricant jelly that was used with
catheters and Defendant Gowin gave Plaintiff three packets of antibiotic cream. Plaintiff
alleges Evans and Martin had failed to order the jelly packets, and he was forced to go 52
hours without urinating before more jelly packets arrived on May 18, 2022. (Doc. 1 at 35-

36).
Plaintiff added concerns about this incident to a previous grievance, and he
transmitted it to the ARB. Defendant Knauer returned the grievance and instructed
Plaintiff to follow the appropriate procedures at his institution. He alleges Knauer should
not have done this because the grievance gave her notice of an emergency, which she
should have investigated. (Doc. 1 at 36).

On May 20, 2022, Plaintiff met with Martin and Evans about catheter issues, and
he also tried to inform them that Defendant Ellington had threated to retaliate against
him. Martin refused to intervene in any retaliation, and Plaintiff alleges that as a result
he did not get moved to a new cell.1
Plaintiff further alleges that due to Ellington’s retaliation, he was held in
segregation from June 1-3, 2022. While in segregation, on June 3, Defendant Rice

purposefully deprived Plaintiff of his catheters from 7:30a.m. to 2:30p.m.. (Doc. 1 at 37).
When it was time for Plaintiff’s segregation release on June 3, Rice gave him the catheters
in the presence of Defendant Lewis, and he admitted to having them all along. Lewis did
not reprimand Rice. Plaintiff also alleges Lewis violated his rights by giving him a seven-
day restriction on recreation after a disciplinary hearing had been conducted.2

On July 4, 2022, Defendants Glendenning and Deposa refused to give Plaintiff
catheters unless he exchanged used catheters. They insisted this was a policy, and a
written rule of the medical unit and Wexford. On July 5, 2022, Defendant Stephens also
refused a catheter without an exchange, but later in the day Stephens gave Plaintiff two
catheters and told him he needed to follow the exchange rule. (Doc. 1 at 39).

1 In the allegations about Ellington’s retaliation, Plaintiff writes as though he gave more information earlier
in the complaint about retaliation, but the only information he gave earlier about Ellington was that
Ellington received one of his grievances for review. (Doc. 1 at 36-37). It is not apparent to the Court what
the basis is for a retaliation claim against Ellington.
2 Plaintiff does not give any information about the nature of a disciplinary hearing, or any punishment he
received other than Lewis’s seven-day recreation restriction.
On July 8, 2022, Plaintiff grieved the catheter exchange “rule” to Defendant
Chenault, but he either did not get a response or was not satisfied with the response he

got, so on August 15, 2022, he sent the grievance to the ARB. (Doc. 1 at 39).
On August 25, 2022, Plaintiff decided to throw away his used catheters because
his cellmates were complaining about the health hazard and stench from keeping them
in the cell. (Doc. 1 at 40). That night Defendant Stephens refused to give him catheters
because he did not have any to exchange.
Stephens again refused catheters on August 27, 2022, because Plaintiff did not have

any used catheters to trade-in. Plaintiff alleges Stephens further acted in retaliation by
summoning Defendant Williams, who threatened and intimidated him about the rules.
Stephens refused catheters a third time on August 28, 2022, and informed Williams of an
issue. (Doc. 1 at 41). Williams escorted Plaintiff to segregation and threatened to place
him in segregation if he would not follow the catheter exchange rule. However, after the

verbal threats Williams brought Plaintiff back to the medical unit and ordered Stephens
to give him catheters. Plaintiff opted not to go to the treatment line that night for fear of
Williams and Stephens.
On September 1, 2022, Plaintiff spoke with Defendants Dodd and Martin during a
gallery tour. He informed them of issues with the catheter exchange rule and asked for

them to install a biohazard disposal box in the living unit. Martin rejected his concerns
about the exchange rule, and Dodd said a biohazard box could only be installed if it did
not pose a security risk. A box was never installed.
On September 29, 2022, Plaintiff saw Dr. Babich for a swollen leg and foot, as well
as shoulder pain. (Doc. 1 at 43). Dr. Babich ordered x-rays and gave medication for

Plaintiff’s pain, but Plaintiff alleges Babich did not follow-up on his care. Plaintiff saw
Babich again via video on October 13 for swelling and cellulitis. He does not say what, if
anything, Babich did for these concerns, and instead says Babich discussed the necessity
of the catheter exchange program.
On September 28, 2022, Defendants Glendenning, Mason (a correctional officer),
and Steadman (a sergeant) refused catheters because Plaintiff did not have any to

exchange. Plaintiff asked Mason for a grievance form, and he alleges that Glendenning
then retaliated against him for getting a grievance by filing a disciplinary report against
him. (Doc. 1 at 45). On October 11, 2022, Defendant Oberlink found Plaintiff guilty of
the ticket without hearing his side of the story, and on October 17, Defendant Dodd
affirmed this finding.3

At an October 12, 2022, meeting, Defendant Martin would not confirm the date for
outside visits Plaintiff believed he should have for his shoulder and bladder. (Doc. 1 at
46).
On November 19, 2022, Plaintiff informed Defendant Stephens that he was
experiencing extra pain inserting his catheters, and she refused to help him. (Doc. 1 at

48).

3 Plaintiff did not give details about the disciplinary sanctions received for this infraction.
On November 22, 2022, Defendant Mason imposed a new rule on Plaintiff about
his call pass, and then issued him a disciplinary ticket. Plaintiff alleges the disciplinary

ticket was issued out of retaliation for a prior grievance against Mason. (Doc. 1 at 48). In
further retaliation, Plaintiff alleges that on November 27, 2022, Mason and Steadman
disciplined him for having a TV that they previously gave him. (Doc. 1 at 48-49).
Plaintiff alleges that on December 1, 2022, Defendant Stephens retaliated against
him by writing him a disciplinary ticket. The ticket was expunged as unfounded at the
disciplinary hearing. (Doc. 1 at 49-50).

Amidst the issues set forth above, on November 6, 2022, Plaintiff wrote a letter to
Defendant Daniel Conn, Wexford’s Chief Executive Officer, about his medical issues at
Robinson. (Doc. 1 at 47). He got a generic assurance three months later that staff was
qualified and dedicated to his medical needs. He wrote a second letter on March 1, 2023,
and got a response reminding him to use appropriate procedures to request medical

attention at the prison.
In the “conclusion” section of the Complaint, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants
Pritzker and Jeffreys are liable because in their leadership roles they are responsible for
the provision of adequate medical care in the IDOC. (Doc. 1 at 53). Plaintiff alleges that
Defendants Conn, Pritzker, and Wexford have failed to provide adequate care, as

evidenced by the Lippert litigation. He alleges that he left Robinson on May 26, 2023, but
he has suffered emotional distress, sleep loss, and trouble walking, lifting, or performing
other daily tasks. He alleges the Defendants knew of his medical needs and refused to
meet them, and they also retaliated against him for seeking needed care.
Plaintiff seeks a permanent injunction4 concerning the access to medical care for
inmates, as well as compensatory and punitive damages. (Doc. 1 at 57-58).

Based on the allegations in the Complaint, the Court will designate the following
claims:
Count 1: Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against
medical providers (Defendants Martin, Evans, Stephens,
Glendenning, Eckel, Switzer, Gowin, and Deposa) who
refused or delayed catheters or catheter supplies;

Count 2: Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against
the non-medical prison staff (Dodd, Williams, Lewis,
Steadman, Bean, Rice, Mason) for their involvement in
denying catheters;

Count 3: Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against
grievance officials for their handling of related grievances
(Knauer, Ellington, Chenault);

Count 4: Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against
Defendants Jeffreys, Pritzker, or Conn for their
involvement in providing healthcare at Robinson;

Count 5: First Amendment retaliation claim against Defendants
Williams, Steadman, Mason, Ellington, Stephens and
Glendenning for their alleged actions taken in retaliation
for Plaintiff’s verbal or written requests for care;

Count 6: Monell claim against Wexford Health Sources, Inc. for their
alleged failure to supply adequate care at Robinson;

Count 7: Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against
Defendants Dr. Babich, Mr. Martin, Rachel Dodd, Daniel
Conn, or Wexford Health Services, Inc., concerning the
provision of care for Plaintiff’s neck/shoulder/pinched
nerve issues (Doc. 1 at 31-32; 43).

4 Plaintiff has been released from IDOC, so it is highly unlikely he will be able to seek any permanent
injunctive relief in this case.
The parties and the Court will use these designations in all future pleadings and orders
unless otherwise directed by a judicial officer of this Court. Any claim that is mentioned

in the Complaint but not addressed in this Order is considered dismissed without
prejudice as inadequately pled under Twombly. See Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S.
544, 570 (2007) (an action fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted if it does
not plead “enough facts to state a claim that is plausible on its face”).
Preliminary Dismissals
Plaintiff named Defendants Rodriguez, Kuforiji, Gosnell, Gurley, and Nord as

defendants in this action, but there were not clear and individualized factual allegations
against these individuals in the statement of claim, so these individuals are dismissed for
failure to state a claim. See e.g., Black v. Lane, 22 F.3d 1395, 1401 n. 8 (7th Cir. 1994) (a claim
against a defendant is insufficient if the defendant is named, but there are no factual
allegations describing his or her personal involvement).

Plaintiff also attempted to present claims against Defendants Ikhanyan, Babich,
and Poor concerning their roles as doctors or treating staff at Robinson, but his allegations
against these individuals were insufficiently detailed to proceed related to catheter or
urology care. As to Ikhanyan, Plaintiff described a single appointment where she
promised to schedule him for a urologist consult, and a single follow-up correspondence

less than a month later when she indicated the appointment was approved but not yet
scheduled. This limited interaction is not enough to suggest deliberate indifference. As
to Dr. Babich, Plaintiff’s only mention of Babich in relation to catheters is that Babich
reiterated the catheter exchange rule. Informing Plaintiff of a rule is not deliberate
indifference. As to Dr. Poor, he mentions a cancelled visit, and Poor’s general role as a
doctor at the facility, but he does not point to any specific treatment decisions Poor made

that were allegedly deficient. The claims against all three providers related to
catheter/urology issues are insufficient as pled and are dismissed for failure to state a
claim. As mentioned previously, Plaintiff’s claim about his shoulder/neck/neurology
issues will be severed into a separate case against Dr. Babich.
To the extent that Plaintiff intended to pursue a Due Process claim concerning any
of his disciplinary proceedings mentioned in the complaint, his allegations are

insufficient to make out a Fourteenth Amendment claim. For example, Plaintiff alleges
that Defendant Oberlink violated his rights when he presided over a disciplinary
proceeding and found Plaintiff guilty without hearing his side of the story. To establish
a due process claim related to disciplinary proceedings, an inmate must demonstrate: (1)
the deprivation of a liberty interest; and (2) the procedures he was afforded were

constitutionally deficient. Lisle v. Welborn, 933 F.3d 705, 720 (7th Cir. 2019). Plaintiff
alleges that the procedures he was afforded were deficient, but he does not make any
allegations about the consequences he received, so he has not established that a liberty
interest was violated by the outcome of the proceedings. Accordingly, Defendant
Oberlink is dismissed without prejudice because Plaintiff failed to state a claim against

him.
Likewise, his allegation that Defendant Williams gave him seven days of
restriction on recreation time are insufficient because this is a short restriction and does
not invoke a liberty interest. Six months in segregation and six months’ loss or restriction
of privileges—do not, without more, implicate a protected liberty interest. See Hardaway
v. Meyerhoff, 734 F.3d 740, 744 (7th Cir. 2013) (six-month disciplinary segregation alone);

Lekas v. Briley, 405 F.3d 602, 605, 613 (7th Cir. 2005) (temporary loss of contact visitation
and restricted commissary); Whitford v. Boglino, 63 F.3d 527, 533 n.7 (7th Cir. 1995) (six-
month disciplinary segregation and demotion to C grade).
Analysis
Claim 1
Plaintiff alleges that on various occasions, Defendants Martin, Evans, Stephens,

Glendenning, Eckel, Switzer, Gowin, and Deposa, participated in failing to provide him
with needed medical supplies. Specifically, Martin and Evans were involved with the
procurement and ordering of catheters and lubricant jelly, but on a few occasions the
prison ran out and he was forced to go without needed supplies. Once he was unable to
urinate for more than 26 hours, once he went more than 52 hours, and once he went days

without lubricant jelly. He also alleges that Defendants Glendenning, Gowin, Deposa
and Stephens intermittently insisted he follow a policy or rule that required him to
exchange used catheters for new catheters. The policy was not enforced routinely, and
he did not always have used catheters to exchange, so sometimes he was denied new
supplies.

An Eighth Amendment claim arising from the denial of medical care consists of
an objective and a subjective component. Berry v. Peterman, 604 F.3d 435, 439–40 (7th Cir.
2010). A plaintiff must show that he suffered from a serious medical condition (i.e., an
objective standard) and also show that each defendant responded with deliberate
indifference (i.e., a subjective standard). Id. To satisfy the subjective component, a
prisoner must demonstrate that an official knew of and disregarded an excessive risk to

inmate health. Greeno v. Daley, 414 F.3d 645, 653 (7th Cir. 2005). Neither medical
malpractice, nor mere disagreement with a doctor’s medical judgment will amount to
deliberate indifference. Id. Additionally, an inmate is not entitled to demand specific
care, and a medical professional may choose from a range of acceptable courses of care.
Walker v. Wexford Health Sources, Inc., 940 F.3d 954, 965 (7th Cir. 2019). If an inmate alleges
a delay in treatment, he must present verifying medical evidence that the delay, and not

the medical condition itself, cause some harm. Jackson v. Pollion, 733 F.3d 786, 790 (7th
Cir. 2013). He must also show it was the defendant’s actions or inaction that caused the
delay in treatment. Walker, 940 F.3d at 964.
Here, Plaintiff’s allegations are sufficient to proceed beyond initial review against
Defendants Martin, Evans, Stephens, Glendenning, Eckel, Switzer, Gowin, and Deposa.

Plaintiff alleges that these individuals participated in the denial of needed medical
supplies despite knowing that without the supplies he would be unable to urinate for
hours, or days, on end. He alleges that during the delays he suffered in pain. At this
preliminary juncture, these allegations are sufficient to proceed.
Claim 2

Plaintiff also alleges that non-medical officials participated in denying or delaying
his access to needed catheter supplies. Specifically, he alleges Defendants Dodd,
Williams, Lewis, Steadman, Bean, Rice, and Mason had roles in these issues. Defendant
Dodd received emergency grievances and correspondence about catheters and supplies,
and also spoke to Plaintiff about the exchanges or disposal of catheters during a cellhouse
tour. Defendants Steadman, Bean, and Mason were present when medical personnel

refused supplies, and they did not intervene on Plaintiff’s behalf. Defendant Rice
personally denied him supplies on June 3, 2022, while he was briefly in segregation, and
Defendant Lewis failed to reprimand Rice when he learned of the issue after the fact.
Defendant Williams allowed Defendant Stephens to deny catheters one day, and delayed
access the next day.
Non-medical prison officials are generally allowed to defer to treating

professionals, unless such deference would amount to ignoring an inmate’s serious need.
See e.g., Berry, 604 F.3d at 440-41 (the law encourages non-medical security and
administrative personnel to defer to the professional medical judgments of physicians
and nurses without fear of liability).
Defendant Bean was allegedly present when three medical personnel (Stephens,

Switzer and Eckel) informed Plaintiff that they were out of replacement catheters and
Plaintiff would need to wash and re-use his existing catheters until replacements arrived.
Bean allegedly said there was nothing else he could do, and that Plaintiff would need to
follow the directives from nursing staff about his catheters. As a non-medical official,
this interaction falls squarely within Berry¸ and is not a sufficient basis for liability, so

Claim 2 against Bean is dismissed as insufficiently pled.
Claim 2 also fails against Defendant Lewis, whom Plaintiff alleges was merely
present when he left segregation on June 3, 2022, and overheard that during that day
Defendant Rice had withheld catheters. As Lewis became aware of this issue, Rice was
handing Plaintiff catheters. There was nothing Lewis could have done to alter the
situation, so he is not liable for this deprivation of catheters.

Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Williams acted similarly to Defendant Bean in so
much as he was present and was informed that Defendant Stephens (a nurse) refused
catheters on August 27 because Plaintiff did not bring catheters to exchange. Williams
told Plaintiff that he needed to follow the exchange rule. Plaintiff argues that Williams
had a duty to intervene in Stephens’ behavior. Notably, Plaintiff does not allege that as
a result of this incident he went without any catheters, or that he suffered any injury. The

next day he had another encounter with Stephens and Williams about the catheter
exchange rule, but Williams ultimately sent him back to the medical unit and directed
Stephens to give him catheters. As a result of these limited interactions, and due to the
fact that Plaintiff does not associate any injury with these encounters, Claim 2 is
insufficient against Defendant Williams.

As to Defendants Steadman and Mason, Plaintiff alleges that these two were
involved with the enforcement of the catheter exchange rule on September 28, when they
both agreed with Defendant Glendenning that to get five new catheters, he would have
to exchange used catheters. (Doc. 1 at 44-45). Plaintiff specifically alleges that Steadman
refused to force Glendenning to dispense catheters on September 28, and that after he

grieved the issue both Steadman and Mason (who was present and gave him the
grievance form) began to act unfavorably towards him. While these interactions will be
discussed in Claim 5, as a potential basis for a retaliation claim, these allegations are not
sufficient to form an Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference to a medical need claim
against Steadman or Mason. Steadman and Mason were involved as prison security or
administrative personnel, and their role on September 28 was secondary to that of

medical personnel who determined Plaintiff was ineligible to receive catheters without
following the exchange rule. There is no indication that they knew Plaintiff might suffer
an adverse medical effect, and there is also no allegation Plaintiff suffered a discrete
injury from this one interaction. As such, Claim 2 is insufficient against Steadman and
Mason.
As to Defendant Dodd, Plaintiff alleges that he spoke to Dodd during a cellhouse

tour about the provision of a red biohazard disposal box being placed in the housing unit,
but Dodd never followed through on this conversation. This allegation does not amount
to Dodd denying needed medical treatment, so it does not form the basis for an Eighth
Amendment denial of catheters claim. The Court will separately discuss Dodd’s
grievance responses in Claim 3. Claim 2 is dismissed as insufficient against Dodd because

there are not sufficient factual allegations to demonstrate she personally participated in
the denial or delay of needed catheter supplies.
By contrast, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Rice personally and intentionally
withheld his catheters from approximately 7:30a.m. to 2:30p.m.. (Doc. 1 at 37-38). The
intentional withholding of needed medical supplies may be enough to state an Eighth

Amendment claim, so Claim 2 may proceed against Defendant Rice.
Claim 3
Plaintiff alleges that he wrote multiple grievances about his access to catheters and
medical treatment, but he did not get adequate responses. The mere processing or
mishandling of a grievance by a prison official does not form the basis for a deliberate
indifference claim. Owens v. Hinsley, 635 F.3d 950, 953 (7th Cir. 2011) (the alleged

mishandling of grievances by persons who did not otherwise cause or participate in the
underlying conduct states no claim). However, a prison administrator may not turn a
blind-eye to correspondence that would alert them to a serious need. Perez v. Fenoglio,
792 F.3d 768, 781-82 (7th Cir. 2015).
The line between mere processing of a grievance, and between turning a blind-eye
can be difficult to discern. The analysis, even at this early stage of initial review, requires

a careful examination of the available facts. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Dodd did not
adequately assist him with catheter issues because she deemed a grievance on the topic
a non-emergency, and presumably because she received other grievances, but his issues
were not abated. The facts matter here. Plaintiff alleged that he submitted an emergency
grievance about the lack of catheters on March 28, but on March 29 Defendant Dodd must

have seen it and marked it a non-emergency. In the intervening time, Defendant Evans
left the prison and secured a temporary supply of catheters for his use. Thus, by the time
Defendant Dodd saw the ‘emergency’ grievance, the issue had already been addressed.
In later correspondence about the grievance on or around April 27, Defendant
Dodd confirmed with Plaintiff that she had spoken with medical staff about catheter

issues. Again, this interaction does not demonstrate that Dodd was turning a blind-eye
to Plaintiff’s needs. Plaintiff had follow-up communications with Dodd about catheter
issues and policies during a cellhouse tour in September of 2022, but the details of these
interactions do not suggest Dodd was turning a blind-eye to Plaintiff. She deferred to
medical staff for guidance on catheter issues, and to security staff for security issues.
(Doc. 1 at 43). On the whole, Plaintiff has not made adequate factual allegations to

suggest a plausible claim against Defendant Dodd for turning a blind-eye to catheter
related issues. Claim 3 is insufficient against Defendant Dodd and will be dismissed
without prejudice.
As to Defendants Ellington and Chenault, Plaintiff alleges that these individuals
participated in the processing of one or more of his grievances, but he does not describe
how their conduct amounted to turning a blind-eye or personally participating in

underlying violations. Plaintiff alleges that in July of 2022 he submitted a grievance about
the catheter exchange rule, but he then suggests Chenault either did not respond by
August 15, or her response was not satisfactory. Neither of these allegations is sufficient
for a claim against Chenault. He alleges Ellington deemed his grievance received in April
of 2022, and that she communicated with medical staff about the catheter issue, but that

he did not find the response satisfactory. Again, allegations of this nature are not
sufficient for a claim, so Claim 3 is dismissed without prejudice as to Ellington.
Finally, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Knauer turned a blind-eye to his plight
when she returned a grievance of his for proper processing at the prison level, but this
merely suggests that Knauer was following grievance rules, not that she intentionally

intended or believed that harm would befall Plaintiff. (Doc. 1 at 36). Plaintiff insists that
Defendant Knauer should have investigated his situation, but if he did not follow proper
grievance procedures, Knauer was well within bounds to return his grievance for further
investigation at the prison prior to deeming it necessary to commence her own
investigation.

In sum, Claim 3 is insufficient as to Defendants Dodd, Ellington, Chenault, and
Knauer and it is dismissed without prejudice.
Claim 4
Plaintiff alleges that Defendants Jeffreys, Pritzker, and Conn should be held liable
for their roles in overseeing the provision of healthcare in the IDOC. The general
responsibility to oversee the operations of a correctional facility or to supervise its staff

are not sufficient to create liability under § 1983. Burks v. Raemisch, 555 F.3d 592, 596 (7th
Cir. 2009). “Section 1983 does not establish a system of vicarious responsibility. Liability
depends on each defendant’s knowledge and actions, not on the knowledge or actions of
the persons they supervise.” Id. at 593-94 (internal citation omitted). Plaintiff does not
have any allegations that suggest he personally alerted Jeffreys or Pritzker to issues with

his own access to care, so he has not set forth sufficient facts to proceed against them.
Plaintiff alleges that he wrote to Defendant Conn on two occasions about his need
for care. On the first occasion, he alleges he recounted issues he was having “with service
providers that’s sub-contracted to provide Medical Care to the Inmates at Robinson CC.”
(Doc. 1 at 47). He also sought the full names of certain people involved in his care, and

he sought information about policies for treatment. He got a generic response nearly
three months later. He wrote again on March 1, 2023, alleging that he was not getting
consistent care, and sometimes security staff had to travel away from the prison to get
him catheters. In the second letter, he alleges he also mentioned retaliation of Defendant
Stephens. He got another generic response.

These two communications to a high-level administrator are not sufficient to
pursue a claim for personal liability against Defendant Conn. The response letters that
Plaintiff attached to his complaint are signed by Wexford’s Risk Management
Department, so it is not clear if Conn actually received and reviewed Plaintiff’s letters.
(Doc. 1-4 at 3, 27). Even if Conn did receive the letters, a letter writing campaign alone is
not sufficient to give rise to a claim of deliberate indifference. Burks, 555 F.3d at 595-96.

As pled, the allegations against Conn are insufficient and will be dismissed for failure to
state a claim.
Claim 5
Plaintiff alleges that at various times Defendants Williams, Steadman, Mason,
Ellington, Stephens and Glendenning retaliated against him for seeking medical care or

filing grievances related to his need for care. He does not clearly explain when Ellington
retaliated, so Claim 5 against Ellington is immediately dismissed as insufficient.
As to Defendant Williams, he suggests that Williams retaliated because he verbally
reprimanded him for not following the catheter exchange program, and then the next day
he brought him to the segregation unit and yelled or spoke sternly about the catheter

exchange rules. While these two encounters may have been unpleasant, Plaintiff
ultimately admits that after the second exchange Williams directed another defendant to
provide care. In total, these limited interactions, which ended with Williams directing
care, are not sufficient to suggest a retaliation claim.
By contrast, as to Steadman, Mason, Stephens and Glendenning, Plaintiff
identified multiple issues which he characterized as retaliatory. He indicated that not

only did these defendants deny him care, but on some occasions they also issued him in
disciplinary tickets as a form of retaliation for his grievances and requests for care. At
this preliminary juncture, Claim 5 is sufficient to proceed against Defendants Steadman,
Mason, Stephens and Glendenning.
Count 6
Plaintiff alleges at various places throughout the complaint that some of his

experiences may have been tied to polices or practices of Wexford. Wexford is a private
corporation that cannot be held liable under § 1983 unless the constitutional violation was
caused by an unconstitutional policy or custom of the corporation itself. Shields v. Illinois
Dept. of Corrections, 746 F.3d 782, 789 (7th Cir. 2014); see also Monell v. Department of Social
Services of City of New York, 436 U.S. 658 (1978). Thus, under Monell, for Plaintiff to recover

from Wexford, he must show that the alleged constitutional violation was caused by: (1)
an express policy that caused a constitutional deprivation when enforced; (2) a
widespread practice that was so permanent and well-settled that it constituted a custom
or practice; or (3) a person with final policymaking authority. Dean v. Wexford Health
Sources, Inc., 18 F.4th 214, 235 (7th Cir. 2021).

Plaintiff’s allegations against Wexford are sparse and conclusory in nature. For
example, after summarizing issues about access to catheters that he experienced with
individual employees, he writes, “this must be a policy of Wexford’s as a way to save
money on supplies, or to accommodate the need when supplies are not ordered properly,
if at all.” (Doc. 1 at 35). This allegation is a guess on Plaintiff’s behalf and does not give
any proof of a harmful policy maintained by Wexford. He further alleges that when he

was informed that the catheter exchange rule would be enforced, he believed the
enforcement of the rule was evidence of a “policy of the IDOC and Wexford, and being
enforced through there employees, or a custom of habit by the nurses of an unauthorized
act.” (Doc. 1 at 39). He goes on to allege the catheter exchange rule could not actually be
a standard practice of a medical provider because it would be unconstitutional. After his
allegations about corresponding with Defendant Conn, Plaintiff alleges that Wexford

fails to adequately staff Robinson. This allegation is not tied to his personal experience
and does not suggest that he was harmed by a policy or practice of Wexford.
On the whole, Plaintiff’s allegations against Wexford are generic and conclusory.
He does not point to a discrete and explicit policy or custom, attributed to Wexford, that
caused him harm. His complaint is generally much more focused on the actions of

individual employees than it is on systemic problems. There are some exceptions. He
makes passing mentions of policies or customs as described in the previous paragraph,
and he also talks at the end of his complaint about the Lippert litigation, which the Court
knows to be class action litigation about the provision of healthcare in IDOC. These few
mentions are insufficient to plausibly suggest that Plaintiff’s own access to care was

hindered by a concrete policy or custom of Wexford.
Additionally, the Court notes that Plaintiff took issue both with prison staff, and
in his complaint, with the existence of a policy that required inmates to exchange used
catheters for new catheters. While the practice may have been unpleasant, the existence
of this policy did not cause Plaintiff any constitutional harm. If anything, it was Plaintiff’s
own refusal to comply with this policy that caused him harm. Though he reports that the

policy was not always enforced, he obviously knew of its existence and consciously
decided to disregard the policy on multiple occasions. Plaintiff’s own actions that
hindered his access to care will not be attributed to Wexford.
On the allegations presented, the Court finds that Plaintiff has failed to plead an
adequate claim against Wexford for maintaining a policy, custom, or practice that
violated his constitutional rights.

Severed Claim – Count 7
In addition to the allegations discussed above, the Court notes that Plaintiff has a
discrete section of his complaint that is targeted at care for his neck/shoulder, and a
pinched nerve. (Doc. 1 at 31-32; 43). He alleges that he was seen by Dr. Babich for this
issue on September 29, 2022, and that after some delay, he had x-rays for the issue. Dr.

Babich determined that the issue was a pinched nerve, and he ordered a neurology
consult, therapy, and a prescription medication. Plaintiff discontinued the medication
just a few weeks after starting it, because he believed the side effects were unacceptable.
He alleges he never got the neurology consult or therapy. He got a second set of x-rays
on April 25, 2023, and he was again referred to an outside specialist. However, he was

released in late May of 2023 before he saw the specialist. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants
Dodd, Martin, and Conn should be held liable for failing to implement the physician’s
recommendation that he see a specialist. He further attributes this issue to understaffing,
a lack of funding from Wexford, and overall deficiencies in Wexford/IDOC’s healthcare
system. He alleges that as a result he needlessly suffered in pain for over eight months.

These allegations may be sufficient to proceed against some or all of the named
defendants, but they are not related to the core contentions in the complaint, and they are
made almost entirely against Defendants who will not proceed in this lawsuit. The only
exception is Defendant Martin. Plaintiff will proceed here against Martin related to
catheter supplies, but the neck/shoulder/pinched nerve issues are separate and distinct.
The Court finds it appropriate to exercise its discretion to sever any claims about the

medical issue into a separate lawsuit. See e.g., Dorsey v. Varga, 55 F.4th 1094, 1107 (7th Cir.
2022) (a court may sever into a new case misjoinder claims). Plaintiff will have the option
to proceed in the separate lawsuit, or to voluntarily dismiss it. The severance and creation
of a new case should not be viewed as an opinion on the potential merits of any such
claims related to the neck/shoulder/nerve issues.

Motions
Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Doc. 2) is GRANTED. Plaintiff
avers that he has essentially no source of appreciable income, so he qualifies to proceed
without pre-payment of a filing fee. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). Plaintiff’s Motion for Service
(Doc. 3) is also GRANTED. The Court will initiate service in this case by soliciting

waivers of service from the defendants against whom claims are proceeding, as explained
below.
Disposition
For the reasons stated above, Claim 7 against Dr. Babich, Mr. Martin, Rachel Dodd,
Daniel Conn, and Wexford Health Sources, Inc., is severed into a new case. In the new

case, the Clerk is DIRECTED to file the following documents:
• This Memorandum and Order;
• The Complaint (Doc. 1);
• The motion to proceed IFP (Doc. 2); and Motion for Service (Doc. 3).
In the new case, Plaintiff shall have the option to proceed on Claim 7 or to dismiss the
case without prejudice and before he is required to pay a fee. Claim 7 is DISMISSED

from this case.

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT Claim 1 of the Complaint (Doc. 1) survives
against Defendants Martin, Evans, Stephens, Glendenning, Eckel, Switzer, Gowin, and
Deposa; Claim 2 survives against Defendant Rice; Claim 5 survives Defendants

Steadman, Mason, Stephens, and Glendenning. By contrast, Claim 2 is DISMISSED as
to Defendants Dodd, Williams, Lewis, Steadman, Bean, and Mason; Claim 3 is
DISMISSED as to Dodd, Knauer, Ellington and Chenault; Claim 4 is DISMISSED as to
Defendants Jeffreys, Pritzker and Conn; Claim 5 is DISMISSED as to Defendants
Williams and Ellington; and Claim 6 is DISMISSED as to Wexford Health Sources, Inc.

All claims have been dismissed as to Defendants Daniel Conn, Wexford Health
Sources, Inc., Jay Robert Pritzker, Rob Jeffries, Rachell Dodd, Debbie Knauer, Adewale
Kuforiji, David Poor, Glenn Babich, Sheila Ikhanyan, Wendy Rodriguez, J. Williams,
Benjamin Lewis, Jason Oberlink, Zach Bean, Lance Ellington, Kaycee Gosnell, Miramony
Rayburn-Chenault, Hilary Gurley, and M. Nord, so the Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to
TERMINATE these parties.

The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to prepare for Defendants: Phil Martin, Terri
Evans, Kim Stephens, Teresa Glendenning, Penny Eckel, Renae Switzer, Jane Doe Gowin,
John Doe Deposa Mariah Welch Steadman, John Doe Rice, and Caleb J. Mason: (1) Form
5 (Notice of a Lawsuit and Request to Waive Service of a Summons), and (2) Form 6
(Waiver of Service of Summons). The Clerk is DIRECTED to mail these forms, a copy of
the Complaint (Doc. 1), and this Memorandum and Order to Defendants’ place of

employment as identified by Plaintiff. If a Defendant fails to sign and return the Waiver
of Service of Summons (Form 6) to the Clerk within 30 days from the date the forms were
sent, the Clerk shall take appropriate steps to effect formal service on Defendant, and the
Court will require Defendant to pay the full costs of formal service, to the extent
authorized by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

If a Defendant cannot be found at the work address provided by Plaintiff, the
employer shall furnish the Clerk with the Defendant’s current work address, or, if not
known, the Defendant’s last-known address. This information shall be used only for
sending the forms as directed above or for formally effecting service. Any documentation
of the address shall be retained only by the Clerk. Address information shall not be

maintained in the court file or disclosed by the Clerk.
Defendants are ORDERED to timely file an appropriate responsive pleading to
the Complaint and shall not waive filing a reply pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(g).
Pursuant to Administrative Order No. 244, Defendants need only respond to the issues
stated in this Merits Review Order.

If judgment is rendered against Plaintiff, and the judgment includes the payment
of costs under Section 1915, Plaintiff will be required to pay the full amount of the costs,
regardless of whether his application to proceed in forma pauperis was granted. See 28
U.S.C. § 1915(f)(2)(A).
Plaintiff is ADVISED that he is under a continuing obligation to inform the Clerk
of Court and each opposing party of any address changes; the Court will not

independently investigate his whereabouts. This shall be done in writing and not later
than 7 days after a change of address occurs. Failure to comply with this order will cause
a delay in the transmission of court documents and may result in dismissal of this action
for failure to prosecute. FED. R. CIV. P. 41(b).
The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to enter the standard HIPAA Order in this case

because it will involve the exchange of medical records.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: December 20, 2023
/s David W. Dugan
________________________
DAVID W. DUGAN
United States District Judge
NOTICE TO PLAINTIFF
The Court will take the necessary steps to notify the appropriate defendants of your
lawsuit and serve them with a copy of your complaint. After service has been achieved,
the defendants will enter their appearance and file an Answer to the complaint. It will
likely take at least 60 days from the date of this Order to receive the defendants’ Answers,
but it is entirely possible that it will take 90 days or more. When all of the defendants
have filed Answers, the Court will enter a Scheduling Order containing important
information on deadlines, discovery, and procedures. Plaintiff is advised to wait until
counsel has appeared for the defendants before filing any motions, to give the defendants
notice and an opportunity to respond to those motions. Motions filed before defendants’
counsel has filed an appearance will generally be denied as premature. Plaintiff need not
submit any evidence to the Court at his time, unless otherwise directed by the Court.

The Court wishes to remind the Plaintiff that litigation is often viewed a series of hurdles
that the Plaintiff must clear to get to another hurdle. Initial screening is such a hurdle, but
it is a very low one for the Plaintiff to clear. As noted above, surviving initial screening
only requires the bare statement of a claim that, if proven, could entitle Plaintiff to some
relief. At trial, he will need to prove by a preponderance of evidence that the facts alleged
actually occurred and that those facts satisfy the legal requirements for recovery. Trial is
the highest and most difficult of hurdles for any Plaintiff to clear.

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10157218. Public record. Not legal advice.