# Van Hoek v. McKesson Corporation

> District Court, M.D. Florida · February 3, 2020

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10104429

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, M.D. Florida
- **Decided:** February 3, 2020
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
MIDDLE DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
TAMPA DIVISION

HILDA VAN HOEK,

Plaintiff,

v. Case No. 8:17-cv-02447-T-02AAS
McKESSON CORPORATION,
a foreign corporation, et al.,

Defendants.
__________________________________/

ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Defendants’ Motion for Summary
Judgment. Dkt. 128. Plaintiff filed a Memorandum in Opposition to Defendants’
Motion for Summary Judgment. Dkt. 156. Defendants filed a reply. Dkt. 165. The
Court held a hearing on this matter on December 20, 2019. At the Court’s request,
the Parties filed supplemental briefing on the Florida Civil Rights Act (“FCRA”)
procedural issues. Dkts. 171 & 172. With the benefit of full briefing and able
argument by both sides, the Court denies Defendants’ Motion for Summary
Judgment on all claims, Dkt. 128, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, Hilda Van Hoek, is a current, or former, employee of Defendants,
McKesson Corporation, PSS World Medical, Inc., McKesson Medical-Surgical
Inc., and McKesson Medical-Surgical Top Holdings Inc. Plaintiff alleges five
Counts of discrimination and retaliation against Defendants: (1) “FCRA—Sex
Discrimination—Pre-Merger Discrimination of PSS World,” (2) “FCRA—Sex

Discrimination—Post-Merger Discrimination of Defendants,” (3) “FCRA—
Retaliation,” (4) “Title VII—Sex Discrimination—Compensation Discrimination
of Defendants,” (5) “Title VII—Retaliation.” Dkt. 21.

Plaintiff began her employment with Defendants, or Defendants’
predecessor companies, in 1994 as a sales representative. Plaintiff filed her first
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) Complaint on December
27, 2012 which was pending until July 25, 2013. Dkt. 21 at 7–8; see Dkt. 1-4 at

73–74. Plaintiff filed her initial state court Complaint on December 12, 2014. Dkt.
1-4 at 1. Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint in state court on June 27, 2015.
Dkt. 129 ¶ 110. Plaintiff filed a second EEOC Complaint on July 31, 2015 which

was pending until May 16, 2017 when the EEOC adopted Florida Commission on
Human Relations’ (“FCHR”) no-cause determination. Dkt. 1-4 at 76–78; Dkt. 21 at
10–11; Dkt. 129 ¶¶ 111–18.1 On November 6, 2015 Plaintiff filed a Second
Amended Complaint in State court after obtaining written consent from the

Defendants. Dkt. 129 ¶ 112 & Dkt. 157 ¶ 112. Plaintiff received the letter
providing her 90 days to file a federal lawsuit on May 16, 2017. Plaintiff moved to

1 Although Plaintiff disputes parts of Dkt. 129, the relevant dates used here are undisputed.
Plaintiff’s responses to Defendants’ undisputed facts can be found at Dkt. 157.
amend her Complaint on August 14, 2017 and filed a Third Amended Complaint
on September 20, 2017. Dkt. 1-4 at 97–126. The case was removed to federal court

on October 18, 2017. Dkt. 1. Plaintiff filed a Fourth Amended Complaint on
December 13, 2017. Dkt. 21.

The conduct underlying the Plaintiff’s claims occurred over the better part of
the last decade. Plaintiff alleges that seven accounts—Florida Medical Clinic
(“FMC”), Dr. Knight, Florida Hospital Physician Group (“FHPG”), Access Health
Care (“Access”), Prime Care, Tower, and Neuspine—were taken, either

permanently or temporarily, from her because of sex discrimination or as
retaliation. She further alleges that customers’ requests to have her reinstated as a
sales representative or for her to be the sole sales representative were ignored or

delayed, as opposed to when a customer requested a man be the sole sales
representative and the request was granted.

Plaintiff alleges that she spent several months cultivating a relationship with
a former customer, FMC, and arranged having PSS World returned to FMC’s
approved bid list in late 2012. But on December 1, 2012, Area Sales Manager
Carlos Xiques removed Plaintiff from the account and made Clint Brady the lead.

Plaintiff alleges that when she complained about this to Regional Sales Manager
Darin Sharp he “falsely stated that this had already been accomplished by Brady”
and grew hostile and terminated the call when she complained of an “old boy
system.” Dkt. 21 at 6–7. Plaintiff alleges that FMC complained about having Mr.
Brady as their sales representative and requested to work only with Plaintiff.

Plaintiff was reinstated as the lead on March 30, 2013 but alleges that Defendants
did not compensate her for her lost income due to her temporary removal and that
she was required to perform work on portions of the account that remained with

Mr. Brady, for which she was not compensated. Id. at 7. Plaintiff further alleges
that in October 2014 Gary Steele of FMC objected to having Mr. Brady on the
account and requested to work with Plaintiff, but that Defendants refused this
request in November 2014. Id. at 9.

Plaintiff alleges that after McKesson’s acquisition of PSS World in February
2013, she was removed from her east coast Access accounts and they were given to

a man, Craig Williams. Plaintiff alleges that the reason provided for why Mr.
Williams received the accounts was that the accounts were given to the
representative with greater sales for the prior six months. But Plaintiff alleges that
this reason is pretext because she had substantial sales to Access during that time

frame while Williams had none. She also alleges that she continued to perform
work on those accounts although Williams received the commissions. Dkt. 21 at 8.
Plaintiff further alleges that in August on 2016, Access’s request to have Plaintiff

designated as the sole sales representative was denied, despite a similar request
being granted for a male sales representative. Id. at 11.
Plaintiff alleges that when Dr. Knight left a medical practice that was a long-
time client of Plaintiff’s to open his own practice, the account was initially

assigned to her in April 2014. But two weeks later, Mr. Xiques reassigned the
account to Mr. Brady without researching the history on the account per company
policy. In November 2014, when it was determined that company policy was not

followed, the account was still not returned to Plaintiff, even though when Plaintiff
was accidentally assigned a man’s account, she had to return it.
In February 2014, Plaintiff alleges that despite FHPG’s request to have

Plaintiff handle its accounts in Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties so that
they only had to work with one sales representative, the Pinellas County account
was given to Mr. Brady. Plaintiff alleges that she performed work on this account

until April 2016, but that Mr. Brady received the commissions. Id. at 9.
In December 2015, Plaintiff alleges that she cultivated a new customer,

Prime Care, and developed a purchase order for about $40,000. But after the order
was complete, her manager, Paul Jensen, assigned the account to another
representative and instructed Plaintiff to turn over all her work. The account was
eventually returned to Plaintiff, but she did not receive the commission for the

initial sale. Id. at 10.
In her supplemental response to Defendants’ interrogatories Plaintiff added
Tower to the list of accounts that she alleges were taken from her. Plaintiff alleges

that after her Fourth Amended Complaint was filed her Tower Habana ship-to
accounts were reassigned to a man. Dkt. 85-4 at 2. Mr. Jensen was asked about
Tower being transferred during his deposition. Dkt. 132 at 15–16.

Finally, Plaintiff alleges that Neuspine was taken from her after she serviced
the account for seven months and given to another sales representative who had
opened an account with the customer earlier but never made any sales. Plaintiff

alleges the account was reassigned on August 1, 2019 and Jensen emailed her
saying the other sales representative would be the lead on August 9, 2019. Dkt.
156-1 ¶¶ 130–34.

Defendants argue that Plaintiff is merely questioning Defendants’ business
judgment and that she cannot establish a claim of gender discrimination or

retaliation. Dkt. 128 at 4. Defendants also argue that Plaintiff’s claims are
procedurally barred for failure to exhaust administrative remedies, failure to seek
an administrative hearing on the FCRA’s no-cause determination, and failure to
timely file claims. Id. at 16–25.

LEGAL STANDARD
Under Rule 56, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “[t]he court shall grant
summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any
material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R.
Civ. P. 56(a); see also Mize v. Jefferson City Bd. of Educ., 93 F.3d 739, 742 (11th

Cir. 1996). An issue of fact is “genuine” only if “a reasonable jury could return a
verdict for the nonmoving party.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,
248 (1986). A fact is “material” if the fact could affect the outcome of the lawsuit

under the governing law. Id.
The moving party bears the initial burden of identifying those portions of
the record demonstrating the lack of a genuinely disputed issue of material fact.
Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). If met, the burden shifts to the

non-moving party to “come forward with specific facts showing that there is a
genuine issue for trial.” Shaw v. City of Selma, 884 F.3d 1093, 1098 (11th Cir.
2018) (citation omitted). To satisfy its burden, the non-moving party “must do

more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material
facts.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586
(1986). The non-moving party must go beyond the pleadings and “identify
affirmative evidence” that creates a genuine dispute of material fact. Crawford-El

v. Britton, 523 U.S. 574, 600 (1998).
In determining whether a genuine dispute of material fact exists, the Court
must view the evidence and draw all factual inferences therefrom in a light most

favorable to the non-moving party and must resolve any reasonable doubts in the
non-moving party’s favor. Skop v. City of Atlanta, 485 F.3d 1130, 1136 (11th
Cir. 2007). Summary judgment should only be granted “[w]here the record taken

as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving
party[.]” Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587.
DISCUSSION

Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s claims lack merit and are procedurally
barred or untimely. First, Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s claims fail on their
merits. Second, Defendants raise two procedural issues with Plaintiff’s claims:
failure to file within the 90-days required by Title VII and an FCRA procedural

bar. Finally, Defendants move to strike as a sham the Plaintiff’s affidavit filed as
part of her response to their summary judgment motion.

For the reasons discussed below, the Court denies Defendants’ Motion. First
there remain genuine issues of material fact that require submission to a factfinder.
Second, the Court finds that Plaintiff met the necessary procedural requirements to
file her lawsuit. Third, the Court declines to strike Plaintiff’s affidavit as a sham,

but grants the Defendants leave to depose Plaintiff with regard to Neuspine.
1. Merits of Gender Discrimination and Retaliation Claims

Defendants argue that Plaintiff failed to allege sufficient material disputed
facts. But after reviewing the record and hearing oral arguments on the matter it is
clear there remain disputed issues of material fact which prevent summary
judgment.

Plaintiff argues that she has made a sufficient showing to meet either the
McDonnell Douglas standard or the “convincing mosaic” approach to survive

summary judgment. The Court agrees. There remain disputed material facts which
require a jury determination. For example, it is disputed why the reasons for
granting or refusing to grant a single sales representative differed between the
FMC and Access. Further, there remain disputes over when and why customer

preferences are granted in some circumstances but not in others. These, and other
disputes, leave sufficient issues of material fact which require a factfinder to judge
the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses. Thus, summary judgment would

be improper.
2. Title VII 90-Day Filing Requirement

Defendants argue that Plaintiff should be barred from bringing her Title VII
claims because she failed to file her federal suit within 90-days of receiving her
right to sue letter. Plaintiff received the letter providing her 90 days to file a federal

lawsuit on May 16, 2017. Plaintiff sought Defendants’ consent to amend on
August 7, 2017. Plaintiff received Defendants’ consent and moved the court to
amend her complaint on August 14, 2017. Plaintiff filed the Third Amended
Complaint on September 20, 2017.

The requirement to file a Title VII claim within 90 days of receiving the
right to sue letter “is not a jurisdictional prerequisite.” Jackson v. Seaboard Coast

Line R. Co., 678 F.2d 992, 1007 (11th Cir. 1982) (citing Mohasco Corp. v. Silver,
447 U.S. 807 (1980)). Further, “it is well established that an amended complaint
relates back to the date the motion to amend was originally filed.” Hartford Cas.
Ins. Co. v. Intrastate Constr. Corp., No. 10-61064-CIV, 2015 WL 13402137, at *3

(S.D. Fla. Mar. 13, 2015) (citing Totura & Co., Inc. v. Williams, 754 So. 2d 671
(Fla. 2000)). As the motion to amend was filed within the 90 days, the Third
Amended Complaint is considered timely and Plaintiff can proceed on her Title

VII claims.
3. FCRA Claims Procedural Bar

Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s FCRA claims are procedurally barred for
two reasons. Dkt. 172. First, she should have voluntarily dismissed her Second
Amended Complaint because it contained allegations which had not yet been

administratively exhausted. Since she did not do so and only amended her
complaint again after the claims were administratively exhausted, Defendants
argue these claims are procedurally barred. Second, Defendants argue that even if
the claims are not procedurally barred for failure to exhaust, they should be
dismissed because Plaintiff failed to seek an administrative hearing after the FCHR

conducted its investigation and found a no-cause determination.
Plaintiff argues that she properly exhausted her administrative remedies

before bringing her claims to court or, alternatively, that she properly amended her
complaint after the claims were exhausted. Plaintiff also argues that she was not
required to seek an administrative hearing after the no-cause determination because
the FCHR took over 180 days to make a determination.

A. Failure to Exhaust Administrative Remedies

Prior to bringing a civil lawsuit, the FCRA requires a plaintiff to file a
charge of discrimination with the EEOC or FCHR within 365-days of the alleged
discrimination. Fla. Stat. § 760.11(1) (2019). Because the FCRA is patterned after

Title VII, courts routinely apply Title VII case law to discrimination claims
brought under the FCRA. Harper v. Blockbuster Entm’t Corp., 139 F.3d 1385,
1387 (11th Cir. 1998). “A claim is time barred if not filed within these time
limits.” Nat’l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 109 (2002).

“Courts are ‘extremely reluctant’ to bar [FCRA claims] based on procedural
technicalities and will allow judicial claims that ‘amplify, clarify, or more clearly
focus’ the EEOC complaint allegations.” Hillemann v. Univ. of Cent. Fla., 167 F.
App’x 747, 749 (11th Cir. 2006) (citing Gregory v. Ga. Dep't of Human Res., 355
F.3d 1277, 1279 (11th Cir. 2004)). Even so, “[a] plaintiff’s judicial complaint is

limited by the scope of the EEOC investigation which can reasonably be expected
to grow out of the charge of discrimination.” Id. (quoting Gregory, 355 F.3d at
1280). “Plaintiffs may not raise ‘allegations of new acts of discrimination’ in the

judicial proceedings.” Id. (quoting Wu v. Thomas, 863 F.2d 1543, 1547 (11th Cir.
1989)).2
Defendants cite to several cases in which a court dismissed an early
complaint because it was filed before administratively exhausting remedies but

then allowed a later complaint to proceed after the administrative remedies had
been exhausted. Dkt. 172 at 2. Defendants argue Plaintiff’s claims are procedurally
barred because Plaintiff’s initial Complaints were filed before she administratively

exhausted her remedies and those Complaints were not dismissed, but rather they
were amended later after the exhaustion of the second EEOC charge.3

2 Defendants appear in a footnote of their latest filing, Dkt. 172, to be referencing an argument
that some of Plaintiff’s allegations fail to fall within the scope of her initial EEOC complaint.
But this argument has not been clearly laid out before the Court. Instead, Defendants’ briefing
focused on dismissing claims if they failed to be administratively exhausted prior to filing in
court. As a result, the Court will analyze that issue of whether a procedural bar is created when
prior complaints could have been dismissed for failing to exhaust administrative remedies.
3 Plaintiff argues that her claims about Dr. Knight and Access should be viewed by the Court as
included in her initial EEOC charge and therefore administratively exhausted prior to her state
court filings. As it is unnecessary for this analysis the Court does not make a determination on
this issue.
Although well argued, the Court declines to adopt this logic. First, the
Complaints Defendants argue should have been dismissed are not—and have never

been—before this Court. Both Complaints before this Court—the Third Amended
Complaint and the operative Fourth Amended Complaint—were filed after
Plaintiff exhausted both of her EEOC charges. For the Court to go back and second

guess the actions of the prior court would be an improvident step and speculative.
Further, Plaintiff amended her Complaint after exhausting her second EEOC
charge which is the recourse that would have happened had the prior court
dismissed her prior Complaints.4 The rationale underlying much of Title VII and

FCRA litigation is that courts are “extremely reluctant to allow procedural
technicalities to bar claims[.]” Gregory v. Georgia Dep’t of Human Res., 355 F.3d
1277, 1279–80 (11th Cir. 2004) (quoting Sanchez, 431 F.2d at 460–61). To

retroactively determine that the earlier complaints were procedurally barred when
they were filed—even though an amended complaint could be properly filed
later—and therefore dismiss the operative Complaint conflicts with the reasoning
in a long line of Title VII and FCRA cases.

4 This matter is further complicated because all Parties agree that the claims relating to FMC in
the initial state court complaints were procedurally exhausted by the first EEOC charge and
properly raised. Defendants thus take issue with only a portion of the initial state court
complaints.
The cases that Defendants rely on to support their argument that premature
filing creates a procedural bar are distinguishable. In Ayers the court was

concerned over the plaintiff trying to “circumvent the carefully-crafted procedural
requirements set forth under the FCRA.” Ayers v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 941 F.
Supp. 1163, 1167 (M.D. Fla. 1996). In Ayers, the plaintiff filed her lawsuit and

then requested to have the Commission terminate its investigation of her complaint
before the end of the 180-day period. Id. Here, Plaintiff was not trying to avoid the
Commission’s authority by rushing into court. Instead, Plaintiff filed her claims in
state court and then waited for the Commission to finish its investigation of her

second EEOC charge before expanding on the allegations in the Third Amended
Complaint. This is not the procedural circumvention that Ayers was trying to
punish.

In Sweeney, the Court affirmed a grant of summary judgment because the
complaint was filed prior to the expiration of the 180-day period based on the
rationale that filing the claim divested the Commission of jurisdiction. Sweeney v.

Fla. Power & Light Co., 725 So. 2d 380, 381 (3d DCA 1998). However, courts
since Sweeney have held that premature filing does not divest the Commission of
its jurisdiction over the charge. Webb v. Worldwide Flight Serv., Inc., 407 F.3d

1192, 1194 (11th Cir. 2005) (“Section 760.11(5) does not provide that a civil
action that is filed prior to a reasonable cause determination, or the equivalent 180
day filing period set forth in section 760.11(8), divests the commission of
jurisdiction.”); Jackson v. Worldwide Flight Servs., Inc., 960 So. 2d 3, 5 (3d DCA

2005) (“We reject [defendant’s] contention that the Commission was divested of
jurisdiction to correct the originally premature filing of [plaintiff’s] claim.”). So
this reasoning does not well support summary judgment.

Therefore, regardless of whether the prior court could have dismissed the
initial and first amended complaint based on the grounds Defendants cite, the
current operative complaint—the Fourth Amended Complaint—was filed after the

180-day period. Defendants have not cited to any persuasive case law where a
court granted summary judgment because a prior non-operative complaint was
filed prior to the exhaustion of administrative remedies. Instead, the Court is

persuaded by the long line of cases in which premature filings were merely
dismissed without prejudice and the plaintiff was allowed to file an amended
complaint when the administrative process was exhausted. The Court finds that the
Plaintiff amending her own Complaints as the administrative process concluded

satisfies the underlying rationale established in Webb and Jackson. The Court
therefore denies summary judgment on this ground.

B. Administrative Hearing Requirement
Next, Defendants argue that even if Plaintiff exhausted her administrative
remedies prior to filing suit, she still cannot proceed under FCRA because she did
not request an administrative hearing, as required in FCRA § 760.11(7), after
receiving a no-cause determination.

Florida courts have consistently held that the FCRA “requires a liberal
construction to preserve and promote access to the remedy intended by the
Legislature.” Joshua v. City of Gainesville, 768 So. 2d 432, 435 (Fla. 2000).

“Additionally, because section 760.11(7) purports to abridge an individual’s right
of access to the courts, that section must be narrowly construed in a manner that
favors access.” Woodham v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Fla., Inc., 829 So. 2d
891, 897 (Fla. 2002).

In Woodham, the Florida Supreme Court held “[r]eading the relevant
provisions of the statute together clearly establishes that whenever the FCHR fails
to make its determination within 180 days, even if the untimely determination is

made before the filing of a lawsuit, the claimant may proceed to file a lawsuit
under subsection (4).” Id. at 899. Defendants urge the Court to view this statement
as mere dicta because this issue was not before the court in that case—a point
made by the dissenting justice.

Even if viewed as dicta, the Court finds the reasoning in Woodham
persuasive.5 The FCHR issued it decision more than 180-days after the

5 Although the Defendants urge the Court to ignore what they define as dicta in Woodham—
where the Florida Supreme Court discussed the issue of a no-cause order issued after 180 days—
administrative Complaint was filed. Thus, Plaintiff was free to proceed under
section 4 and not bound by the limitations in section 7.

Defendants rely on Davis to support their argument. Davis v. Bob Evans
Farms, LLC, 649 F. App’x 869 (11th Cir. 2016). But Davis does not support the
contention that because the FHCR contacted Plaintiff and Plaintiff provided them

with more information, that those actions restarted the 180-day clock. Id. at 872. In
Davis, the Commission issued a no-cause determination after 174 days. But the
notice was mailed to Davis’s residential address and not to his attorney. Id. His
attorney requested the Commission rescind the initial dismissal notice and issue a

new dismissal notice, which the Commission did. Id. After this second dismissal
Davis opted to sue in state court rather than request an administrative hearing. Id.
The issue in Davis was whether the plaintiff had to receive proper notice within

180 days, because it was undisputed that the Commission made a no-cause
determination within 180 days. Id. In determining that the plaintiff did not have to
receive proper notice within 180 days, the Eleventh Circuit emphasized that the
language of the FCRA requires the Commission to make a determination within

180 days. Id. at 873. Here, it is undisputed that the Commission did not make a no-
cause determination within 180 days of Plaintiff filing her charge, so the reasoning

the Defendants cited no case law in which a court did what they are requesting. The Court is not
inclined to impose a new and conflicting interpretation of a Florida statute.
for requiring the plaintiff in Davis to request an administrative hearing does not
apply.

The Defendants’ argument that Plaintiff received a no-cause determination
within 100 days of her identifying the issues at FCHR’s request is equally
unsupported by Davis. Dkt. 172 at 5. In Davis, the Commission made a no-cause

determination within 180 days, as required by the statute. Davis, 649 F. App’x at
872. As a result, the Eleventh Circuit held that even if notice on the initial
determination might have been insufficient, the plaintiff was still required to
request an administrative hearing within 35 days of receiving the second notice of

the no-cause determination. The statute requires that the Commission make a
determination within 180 days, not merely that the Commission take an action
within 180 days. Fla. Stat. § 760.11(8). So the fact that the Commission requested

and Plaintiff provided additional information does not restart the clock. As the
Commission failed to make a determination within 180 days, under Woodham,
Plaintiff was not required to seek an administrative hearing prior to bringing these
claims. Therefore, Plaintiff’s claims are not procedurally barred.

4. Motion to Strike Plaintiff’s Affidavit as a Sham
Finally, Defendants argue that the Court should strike as a sham Plaintiff’s
affidavit attached to her Memorandum in Opposition to the Motion for Summary

Judgment. Dkt. 165 at 2–6; see Dkt. 156-1. The Court disagrees. Plaintiff’s
answers in the affidavit are mostly contained within answers in her interrogatories
or related to Neuspine, which occurred after the interrogatories were submitted.

Eleventh Circuit case law clearly establishes that “when a party has given
clear answers to unambiguous questions which negate the existence of any genuine

issue of material fact, that party cannot thereafter create such an issue with an
affidavit that merely contradicts, without explanation, previously given clear
testimony.” Allen v. Bd. of Pub. Educ. for Bibb Cty., 495 F.3d 1306, 1316 (11th
Cir. 2007) (quoting Van T. Junkins & Assocs., Inc. v. U.S. Indus., Inc., 736 F.2d

656, 657 (11th Cir. 1984)). In such cases, the later affidavit should be disregarded
as a sham. This rule is only to be applied “sparingly because of the harsh effect[.]”
Id. Courts have “to find some inherent inconsistency between an affidavit and a

deposition before disregarding the affidavit.” Id.
Defendants cite to Junkins to support their argument. In Junkins, the

defendant was a supplier of prefabricated buildings and the plaintiff was in the
business of constructing prefabricated buildings. See Junkins, 736 F.2d at 656.
Representatives from defendant contacted plaintiff saying they heard he was
interested in buying a prefabricated building and to see if he would be interested in

being a dealer for defendant. Id. at 657. In his deposition, the plaintiff made it clear
three times that there was no condition attached to buying the building or that he
had to buy the building from the defendant as a prerequisite to becoming a dealer
for defendant. Id. He further admitted that he knew his application to be a dealer
had to go through a review board. Id. But in the plaintiff’s affidavit, filed after the

hearing on defendant’s summary judgment motion, plaintiff claimed defendant’s
representative told him at that meeting he would be given a dealership with
defendant if he purchased one of defendant’s buildings. Id. This is a direct

contradiction of his testimony on the key material fact and as such the court
considered the later affidavit a sham.
The facts here vary drastically from Junkins. Plaintiff wrote about the Tower

account in her supplemental response to Defendants’ first set of interrogatories.
Dkt. 85-4 at 2. When asked about her retaliation claims at her August 9, 2019
deposition Plaintiff referred to her interrogatory answers and said, “it has

everything in there.” Dkt. 170 at 323. Her interrogatory containing answers about
Tower was Exhibit 88 at her deposition. Dkt. 170-8 at 31. Therefore, despite
Plaintiff not mentioning Tower by name in her deposition, her responses in her
affidavit are supplementing her past testimony, not directing contradicting it.

Nothing in Plaintiff’s affidavit is “inherently inconsistent” with her testimony or
interrogatories. See Junkins, 736 F.2d at 658.

As for allegations regarding Neuspine, Plaintiff alleges this account was
taken from her in August 2019, and that she was notified about it the morning of
her deposition. The Court will not penalize Plaintiff for being unable to formalize
allegations on an account taken from her on or about the same day as her
deposition. Further, in her deposition Plaintiff stated that the retaliation was

ongoing, so her addition of Neuspine does not conflict with her prior testimony.
Dkt. 170 at 324.

Therefore, the affidavit will not be struck from the record, but Defendants
are granted leave to depose the Plaintiff on Neuspine.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above the Court denies Defendants’ motion for

summary judgment. Dkt. 128. The Court finds there are still issues of material fact
that prevent summary judgment and there are no procedural bars requiring
dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims. The Defendants are granted leave to depose

Plaintiff regarding Neuspine.
DONE AND ORDERED at Tampa, Florida, on February 3, 2020.

/s/ William F. Jung
WILLIAM F. JUNG
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

COPIES FURNISHED TO:
Counsel of Record

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10104429. Public record. Not legal advice.