# (PC) Morgan v. Espinoza > District Court, E.D. California · January 19, 2024 URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10058517 ## Case - **Court:** District Court, E.D. California - **Decided:** January 19, 2024 - **Opinion:** 100trialcourt - **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library ## Citator (automated) - No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases. - Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10058517 ## Opinion text 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MIKE MORGAN, No. 2:23-CV-1955-DAD-DMC-P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 A. ESPINOZA, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, a prisoner pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 18 1983. Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s original complaint, ECF No. 1. 19 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief 20 against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 21 § 1915A(a). This provision also applies if the plaintiff was incarcerated at the time the action was 22 initiated even if the litigant was subsequently released from custody. See Olivas v. Nevada ex rel. 23 Dep’t of Corr., 856 F.3d 1281, 1282 (9th Cir. 2017). The Court must dismiss a complaint or 24 portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can 25 be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 26 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Moreover, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that 27 complaints contain a “. . . short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is 28 entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). This means that claims must be stated simply, 1 concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (referring to 2 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied if the complaint gives the defendant fair notice 3 of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon which it rests. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 4 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because Plaintiff must allege with at least some degree of particularity 5 overt acts by specific defendants which support the claims, vague and conclusory allegations fail 6 to satisfy this standard. Additionally, it is impossible for the Court to conduct the screening 7 required by law when the allegations are vague and conclusory. 8 9 I. PLAINTIFF’S ALLEGATIONS 10 Plaintiff Mike Morgan names as defendants: (1) A. Espinoza, Correctional Officer, 11 (2) L. Davies, Lieutenant, and (3) J. Hall, Sergeant. See ECF No. 1, pg. 1. All defendants are 12 prison officials at California State Prison – Solano (CSP-Solano). See id. at 2. 13 In his first claim, Plaintiff alleges that Defendants falsified documents to the extent 14 that Plaintiff could not properly defend against a Rules Violation Report (RVR-115). See id. at 3. 15 According to Plaintiff, on August 21, 2021, Plaintiff received an RVR-115 for a cellular device. 16 See id. Plaintiff asserts that throughout the RVR-115 process and following inmate grievance 17 process, Defendants falsified documents and made the process arbitrary and capricious. See id. 18 Plaintiff asserts that the evidence presented supports all claims and allegations against 19 Defendants. See id. at 3. 20 In his second claim, Plaintiff asserts that he was not afforded the right to properly 21 defend himself against wrongdoing. See id. at 4. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant L. Davies 22 denied Plaintiff the opportunity to call a witness for his defense in the administrative RVR-115 23 hearing. See id. According to Plaintiff, this denial resulted in a violation of Plaintiff’s right to due 24 process. See id. at 4. 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 II. DISCUSSION 2 The Court finds that Plaintiff’s complaint states a cognizable due process violation 3 with respect to disciplinary hearings against Defendant L. Davies (second claim). Plaintiff has 4 not, however, alleged sufficient facts to link any constitutional violation to Defendants Espinoza 5 and Hall. 6 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiff must allege an actual 7 connection or link between the actions of the named defendants and the alleged deprivations. See 8 Monell v. Dep’t of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 (1976). “A 9 person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within the meaning of 10 § 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts, or omits to perform 11 an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which complaint is made.” 12 Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory allegations 13 concerning the involvement of official personnel in civil rights violations are not sufficient. See 14 Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). Rather, the plaintiff must set forth 15 specific facts as to each individual defendant’s causal role in the alleged constitutional 16 deprivation. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). 17 Here, Plaintiff names as defendants A. Espinoza, L. Davies, and J. Hall. Plaintiff 18 generally alleges that his due process rights were violated by falsification of documents. Plaintiff 19 has not, however, alleged facts linking either Defendant Espinoza or Defendant Hall to the 20 falsification of documents or the prison disciplinary process. Plaintiff will be provided an 21 opportunity to amend. 22 23 III. CONCLUSION 24 Because it is possible that the deficiencies identified in this order may be cured by 25 amending the complaint, Plaintiff is entitled to leave to amend. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 26 1122, 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). Plaintiff is informed that, as a general rule, an 27 amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 28 1262 (9th Cir. 1992). Therefore, if Plaintiff amends the complaint, the Court cannot refer to the 1 || prior pleading in order to make Plaintiff's amended complaint complete. See Local Rule 220. An 2 || amended complaint must be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. See id. 3 If Plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, Plaintiff must demonstrate how the 4 || conditions complained of have resulted in a deprivation of Plaintiff's constitutional rights. See 5 || Ellis v. Cassidy, 625 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1980). The complaint must allege in specific terms how 6 || each named defendant is involved and must set forth some affirmative link or connection between 7 || each defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. See May v. Enomoto, 633 F.2d 164, 167 8 | (9th Cir. 1980); Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). 9 Because the complaint appears to otherwise state cognizable claims, if no amended 10 || complaint is filed within the time allowed therefor, the Court will issue findings and 11 || recommendations that the claims identified herein as defective be dismissed, as well as such 12 | further orders as are necessary for service of process as to the cognizable claims. 13 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiff may file a first amended 14 | complaint within 30 days of the date of service of this order. 15 16 | Dated: January 18, 2024 SS GC M7 DENNIS M. COTA 18 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10058517. Public record. Not legal advice.