# Matthew Epstein v. Andrew Saul

> District Court, C.D. California · November 4, 2020

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10039442

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** November 4, 2020
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 MATTHEW E.,1 Case No. 5:19-cv-01786-JC

12 Plaintiff,
MEMORANDUM OPINION
13 v.
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ANDREW SAUL, Commissioner of
15 Social Security Administration,
16 Defendant.
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I. SUMMARY
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On September 18, 2019, plaintiff filed a Complaint seeking review of the
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Commissioner of Social Security’s denial of his applications for benefits. The
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parties have consented to proceed before the undersigned United States Magistrate
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Judge.
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This matter is before the Court on the parties’ cross motions for summary
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judgment, respectively “Plaintiff’s Motion” and “Defendant’s Motion”
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(collectively, “Motions”). The Court has taken the Motions under submission
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27 1Plaintiff’s name is partially redacted to protect his privacy in compliance with Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2(c)(2)(B) and the recommendation of the Committee on Court
28 Administration and Case Management of the Judicial Conference of the United States.
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1 without oral argument. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 78; L.R. 7-15; Case Management
2 Order ¶ 5.
3 Based on the record as a whole and the applicable law, the decision of the
4 Commissioner is AFFIRMED. The findings of the Administrative Law Judge
5 (“ALJ”) are supported by substantial evidence and are free from material error.
6 II. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF ADMINISTRATIVE
7 DECISION
8 On August 19, 2015, plaintiff filed an application for Disability Insurance
9 Benefits, alleging disability beginning on January 28, 2013, due to complex
10 regional pain syndrome, arthritis, edema in the ankles, back problems, and other
11 symptoms. (See Administrative Record (“AR”) 99, 456). An application for
12 Supplemental Security Income followed on August 18, 2016. (AR 433-42). An
13 ALJ subsequently examined the medical record and heard testimony from plaintiff
14 (who was represented by counsel) and a vocational expert on August 7, 2018.
15 (AR 299-318). On September 26, 2018, the ALJ determined that plaintiff has not
16 been disabled since January 28, 2013, the alleged onset date. (AR 99-113).
17 Specifically, the ALJ found: (1) plaintiff suffers from the following severe
18 impairments: spinal stenosis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, complex regional pain
19 syndrome, and peripheral neuropathy (AR 102); (2) plaintiff’s impairments,
20 considered individually or in combination, do not meet or medically equal a listed
21 impairment (AR 104); (3) plaintiff retains the residual functional capacity (“RFC”)
22 to perform a reduced range of light work (20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(b)) (AR 104-05);2
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2The RFC assessment included the following restrictions:
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[Plaintiff] can lift, carry, push and pull up to twenty pounds occasionally, ten
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pounds frequently; [plaintiff] can stand and/or walk combined total of two hours
27 out of an eight hour day and sit for six hours out of an eight hour day with normal
breaks; [plaintiff] would need the freedom to make posture adjustments at the
28 (continued...)
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1 (4) plaintiff is capable of performing his past relevant work as a telemarketer (AR
2 110-11); alternatively, plaintiff is capable of performing other jobs that exist in
3 significant numbers in the national economy, specifically “fundraiser II,” “survey
4 worker,” “information clerk,” “order clerk, food and beverage,” charge account
5 clerk,” and “call out operator” (AR 111-12); and (6) plaintiff’s statements
6 regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of subjective symptoms
7 are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the
8 record (AR 106).
9 On August 5, 2019, the Appeals Council denied plaintiff’s application for
10 review of the ALJ’s decision. (AR 1-4).
11 III. APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARDS
12 A. Administrative Evaluation of Disability Claims
13 To qualify for disability benefits, a claimant must show that he is unable “to
14 engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable
15 physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which
16 has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12
17 months.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting
18 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A)) (internal quotation marks omitted), superseded by
19 regulation on other grounds as stated in Sisk v. Saul, 820 F. App’x 604 (9th Cir.
20 2020); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1505(a), 416.905. To be considered disabled, a claimant
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2(...continued)
23 workstation without being off task and from time to time may need to elevate the
24 feet slightly above floor level; [plaintiff] can frequently climb stairs and ramps,
occasionally climb ladders and scaffolds, frequently balance, stoop, kneel,
25 occasionally crouch, and frequently crawl; [plaintiff] should avoid exposure to
unprotected heights and workplace hazards; [plaintiff] should not operate a motor
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vehicle commercially, no repetitive operation of foot controls; [plaintiff] should
27 avoid exposure to extreme temperatures and avoid heavy vibrations.
28 (AR 104-05).
3
1 || must have an impairment of such severity that he is incapable of performing work
2 || the claimant previously performed (“past relevant work’’) as well as any other
3 || “work which exists in the national economy.” Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094,
4 || 1098 (9th Cir. 1999) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)).
5 To assess whether a claimant is disabled, an ALJ is required to use the five-
6 || step sequential evaluation process set forth in Social Security regulations. See
7 || Stout v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1052 (9th Cir. 2006)
8 || (describing five-step sequential evaluation process) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520,
9 || 416.920). The claimant has the burden of proof at steps one through four — 7.e.,
10 || determination of whether the claimant was engaging in substantial gainful activity
11 || (step 1), has a sufficiently severe impairment (step 2), has an impairment or
12 || combination of impairments that meets or medically equals one of the conditions
13 || listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (“Listings”) (step 3), and
14 || retains the residual functional capacity to perform past relevant work (step 4).
15 || Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005) (citation omitted). The
16 || Commissioner has the burden of proof at step five —i.e., establishing that the
17 || claimant could perform other work in the national economy. Id.
18 B. Federal Court Review of Social Security Disability Decisions
19 A federal court may set aside a denial of benefits only when the
20 || Commissioner’s “final decision” was “based on legal error or not supported by
21 || substantial evidence in the record.” 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Trevizo v. Berryhill, 871
22 || F.3d 664, 674 (9th Cir. 2017) (citation and quotation marks omitted). The
23 || standard of review in disability cases is “highly deferential.” Rounds v. Comm’r
24 || of Soc. Sec. Admin., 807 F.3d 996, 1002 (9th Cir. 2015) (citation and quotation
25 || marks omitted). Thus, an ALJ’s decision must be upheld if the evidence could
26 || reasonably support either affirming or reversing the decision. Trevizo, 871 F.3d at
27 || 674-75 (citations omitted). Even when an ALJ’s decision contains error, it must
28 || be affirmed if the error was harmless. See Treichler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

1 || Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1099 (9th Cir. 2014) (ALJ error harmless if
2 || (1) inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination; or (2) ALJ’s path
3 || may reasonably be discerned despite the error) (citation and quotation marks
4 || omitted).
5 Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might
6 || accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 674 (defining
7 || “substantial evidence” as “more than a mere scintilla, but less than a
8 || preponderance’) (citation and quotation marks omitted). When determining
9 || whether substantial evidence supports an ALJ’s finding, a court “must consider the
10 || entire record as a whole, weighing both the evidence that supports and the
11 || evidence that detracts from the Commissioner’s conclusion[.]” Garrison v.
12 || Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1009 (9th Cir. 2014) (citation and quotation marks omitted).
13 Federal courts review only the reasoning the ALJ provided, and may not
14 || affirm the ALJ’s decision “on a ground upon which [the ALJ] did not rely.”
15 || Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 675 (citations omitted). Hence, while an ALJ’s decision need
16 || not be drafted with “ideal clarity,” it must, at a minimum, set forth the ALJ’s
17 || reasoning “in a way that allows for meaningful review.” Brown-Hunter v. Colvin,
18 || 806 F.3d 487, 492 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1099).
19 A reviewing court may not conclude that an error was harmless based on
20 || independent findings gleaned from the administrative record. Brown-Hunter, 806
21 || F.3d at 492 (citations omitted). When a reviewing court cannot confidently
22 || conclude that an error was harmless, a remand for additional investigation or
23 || explanation is generally appropriate. See Marsh v. Colvin, 792 F.3d 1170, 1173
24 | (9th Cir. 2015) (citations omitted).
25] IV. DISCUSSION
26 Plaintiff's sole claim is that the ALJ failed to provide clear, specific, and
27 || convincing reasons to discredit Plaintiff's statements and testimony. (Plaintiff's
28 | ///

1 Motion at 7-15). For the reasons stated below, the Court concludes that a reversal
2 or remand is not warranted.
3 A. Pertinent Law
4 When determining disability, an ALJ is required to consider a claimant’s
5 impairment-related pain and other subjective symptoms at each step of the
6 sequential evaluation process. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1529(a), (d). Accordingly, when
7 a claimant presents “objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment
8 which might reasonably produce the pain or other symptoms [the claimant]
9 alleged,” the ALJ is required to determine the extent to which the claimant’s
10 statements regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of his
11 subjective symptoms (“subjective statements” or “subjective complaints”) are
12 consistent with the record evidence as a whole and, consequently, whether any of
13 the individual’s symptom-related functional limitations and restrictions are likely
14 to reduce the claimant’s capacity to perform work-related activities. 20 C.F.R.
15 §§ 404.1529(a), (c)(4); SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *4-*10.3 When an
16 individual’s subjective statements are inconsistent with other evidence in the
17 record, an ALJ may give less weight to such statements and, in turn, find that the
18 individual’s symptoms are less likely to reduce the claimant’s capacity to perform
19 work-related activities. See SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *8. In such cases,
20 when there is no affirmative finding of malingering, an ALJ may “reject” or give
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22 3Social Security Ruling 16-3p superseded SSR 96-7p and, in part, eliminated use of the
term “credibility” from SSA “sub-regulatory policy[]” in order to “clarify that subjective
23 symptom evaluation is not an examination of an individual’s [overall character or truthfulness]
24 . . . [and] more closely follow [SSA] regulatory language regarding symptom evaluation.” See
SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *1-*2, *10-*11. The SSA subsequently republished SSR
25 16-3p making no change to the substantive policy interpretation regarding evaluation of a
claimant’s subjective complaints, but clarifying that the SSA would apply SSR 16-3p only
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“[when making] determinations and decisions on or after March 28, 2016[,]” and that federal
27 courts should apply “the rules [regarding subjective symptom evaluation] that were in effect at
the time” an ALJ’s decision being reviewed became final. SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *1,
28 *13 n.27.
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1 || less weight to the individual’s subjective statements “only by providing specific,
2 || clear, and convincing reasons for doing so.” Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 488-89."
3 || This requirement is very difficult to satisfy. See Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 678 (“The
4 || clear and convincing standard is the most demanding required in Social Security
5 || cases.”’) (citation and quotation marks omitted).
6 An ALJ’s decision “must contain specific reasons” supported by substantial
7 || evidence in the record for giving less weight to a claimant’s statements. SSR 16-
8 | 3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *10. An ALJ must clearly identify each subjective
9 || statement being rejected and the particular evidence in the record which
10 || purportedly undermines the statement. Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1103 (citation
11 || omitted). Unless there is affirmative evidence of malingering, the Commissioner’s
12 || reasons for rejecting a claimant’s testimony must be “clear and convincing.”
13 | Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 1995) (internal quotation marks
14 || omitted), as amended (Apr. 9, 1996). “General findings are insufficient[.]”
15 || Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 722 (9th Cir. 1998) (citations omitted).
16 If an ALJ’s evaluation of a claimant’s statements is reasonable and is
17 || supported by substantial evidence, it is not the court’s role to second-guess it. See
18 || Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 959 (9th Cir. 2002) (citation omitted). When
19 | an ALJ fails properly to discuss a claimant’s subjective complaints, however, the
20 || error may not be considered harmless “unless [the Court] can confidently conclude
21 || that no reasonable ALJ, when fully crediting the testimony, could have reached a
22 || different disability determination.” Stout, 454 F.3d at 1056; see also Brown-
23 ///
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6 “It appears to this Court, based upon its research of the origins of the requirement that
there be “specific, clear and convincing” reasons to reject or give less weight to an individual’s
27 || subjective statements absent an affirmative finding of malingering, that such standard of proof
remains applicable even when SSR 16-3p governs. See Trevizo, 871 F.3d at 678-79 & n.5
28 (citations omitted).

1 Hunter, 806 F.3d at 492 (ALJ’s erroneous failure to specify reasons for rejecting
2 claimant testimony “will usually not be harmless”).
3 B. Plaintiff’s Statements and Testimony
4 Plaintiff testified about his symptoms at the hearing before the ALJ on
5 August 7, 2018. (AR 303-10). Plaintiff indicated that one of the main symptoms
6 that limits his functioning is the swelling in his feet and ankles, which is worse in
7 the left leg than the right, and which sometimes extends into his knees. (AR 306).
8 Plaintiff explained that the condition requires him to elevate his legs “several
9 times” a day on most days, “and even elevating them doesn’t fully alleviate the
10 problem, it just kind of helps it a little bit, that it reduces the swelling and the
11 pain.” (AR 308).
12 Plaintiff stated that some days the pain and swelling are “more tolerable,”
13 and he only needs to elevate his legs “maybe once or twice and not very often.”
14 (AR 307-08). However, on other days, according to plaintiff, the pain is “one’s
15 worst nightmare,” making him unable to walk or “function,” and his parents must
16 help take care of him. (AR 307). Plaintiff stated he has a bad day of pain and
17 swelling “[a]t least one week out of every month” (AR 307), during which he must
18 elevate his legs “all day long” (AR 308). He spends such days with his bed
19 pushed up against the wall, with his feet up, while he “go[es] in and out of
20 consciousness like that.” (AR 308). He stated that he would be unable to work on
21 such days due to “not being able to really care for [him]self, not able to shower
22 properly, not able to get up and move around properly.” (AR 307). Plaintiff
23 stated that “[j]ust to get up to go to the restroom is a struggle, let alone trying to
24 get to work, it’s darn near impossible, if not impossible.” (AR 308). He stated
25 that he copes with these symptoms by trying to “distract” himself by watching
26 television or “try[ing] to read books,” and “try[ing] to just keep [his] mind off of it
27 and keep[ing] occupied as best as [he] can.” (AR 307).
28 ///
8
1 Plaintiff testified that he was unable to work in his telemarketing job in
2 2016 in part because of his frequent need to elevate his feet. (AR 304). Plaintiff
3 stated that he was also unable to handle that job because his “concentration was
4 lacking” due to “heavy” pain medications, and he was unable to sit in a chair for
5 “long periods of time,” such as the “seven hours to ten hours a day” of sitting that
6 the job required. (AR 304-05). Plaintiff testified that he was unable to perform
7 his job as a golf course operations manager because he could not handle “walking,
8 standing or sitting for long periods of time.” (AR 305). In addition, plaintiff
9 stated that he does not drive or take public transportation, and instead relies on
10 parents or friends for rides. (AR 305-06).
11 Plaintiff stated that his treatment has included “epidurals as well as
12 sympathetic nerve injections,” and he “also tried physical therapy quite a few
13 times, to no success, as well as medications.” (AR 310). Plaintiff stated that the
14 treatment has not really improved his symptoms, but has “kind of helped [his]
15 continuity of life.” (AR 310). He explained that he has “been able to maybe do
16 some more things on [his] own that [he] wouldn’t be able to do without the
17 medication,” as well as the “sympathetic nerve injections.” (AR 310). Plaintiff
18 stated that the injections “help for a short period of time, so it’s kind of like a
19 vacation,” in that he “get[s] a little break from maybe taking the pain medications
20 for a month, a little break from the pain, but then it just comes right back.” (AR
21 310). Plaintiff stated he has “gone through this a few times now.” (AR 310).
22 C. Analysis
23 The ALJ reviewed the record and found that plaintiff’s medically
24 determinable impairments could reasonably be expected to cause the alleged
25 symptoms, but determined that plaintiff’s statements about the intensity,
26 persistence, and limiting effects of the symptoms were “partially inconsistent with
27 his disability allegations.” (AR 106, 108). The ALJ supported this with specific,
28 ///
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1 || clear, and convincing reasons, including inconsistencies between plaintiff's
2 || testimony and the evidence of record. (See AR 108).
3 First, the ALJ found that objective clinical evidence in the record suggested
4 || plaintiff was not as limited as he alleged. (AR 108; see also AR 106 (noting
5 | plaintiffs “allegations of chronic and debilitation pain and mobility hindrance are
6 || somewhat out of proportion to objective medical evidence documented during
7 || physical examinations’’)). This is a valid basis for assessing plaintiff's pain
8 || allegations, when accompanied by other reasons. See Burch, 400 F.3d at 681
9 || (‘Although lack of medical evidence cannot form the sole basis for discounting
10 || pain testimony, it is a factor that the ALJ can consider....”). Among the medical
11 || evidence in the record, the ALJ noted that plaintiff's “providers repeatedly
12 || observed [plaintiff] as being comfortable, in no apparent distress, or not exhibiting
13 || overt pain behavior.” (AR 106; see AR 967, 1035, 1069, 1105, 1134, 1149, 1211-
14 | 16). The ALJ also noted that there was no evidence that plaintiff sustained muscle
15 || atrophy during the relevant period, even though this is “a common side effect of
16 || prolonged or chronic pain due to lack of use of a muscle in order to avoid pain.”
17 | (AR 106, 108). Instead, the ALJ found repeated evidence of intact motor strength
18 || and tone throughout the extremities, generally with no appreciable edema,
19 || clubbing, or cyanosis. (AR 106, 108; see AR 537-39, 765-66, 773-74, 777-78,
20 || 788, 842, 944, 961, 967, 984, 988, 1211-16, 1258). The ALJ also cited a
21 || “remarkably benign” neurological examination from March 31, 2015, in which the
22 || clinical findings “were generally insufficient to establish physical restrictions.”
23 | (AR 108; see AR 523-45).
24 The ALJ observed, moreover, that plaintiff's symptoms varied or fluctuated,
25 || despite plaintiff's allegations of constant, extreme pain and lost physical capacity
26 || throughout the relevant period. (AR 108). For example, the ALJ pointed to a May
27 || 2016 treatment note in which plaintiff reported that he had not experienced pain
28 || the previous five months. (AR 108; see AR 1067). Moreover, while some
10

| || examinations reflected “gait disturbance” and reliance on a cane, others revealed
2 || plaintiff ambulating normally with no assistive device. (AR 108; see AR 537-40,
3 | 1033).
4 In addition, the ALJ found that some of plaintiffs allegations were
5 || inconsistent with his apparent ability to engage in certain activities, such as
6 | “performing in-home and swimming exercises, using stairs,” and exhibiting “a
7 || general ability to ambulate.” (AR 108; see AR 633, 1211). Plaintiff argues that it
8 || was “nonsensical” for the ALJ to discount his credibility based partly on his
9 || ability to engage in home exercise and water exercises when these activities were
10 || directed by his doctors. (Plaintiff's Motion at 12). However, the ALJ did not
11 || discount his testimony because he complied with his doctor’s recommendations.
12 || Rather, the ALJ found that plaintiff's ability to engage in these exercises was
13 || inconsistent with his allegations of debilitating limitations, which is a valid and
14 || appropriate basis to discount a claimant’s testimony. See Burrell v. Colvin, 775
15 | F.3d 1133, 1137 (9th Cir. 2014) (inconsistencies between claimant’s testimony
16 || and claimant’s reported activities valid reason for giving less weight to claimant’s
17 || subjective complaints); Molina, 674 F.3d at 1113 (“Even where those activities
18 || suggest some difficulty functioning, they may be grounds for discrediting the
19 || claimant’s testimony to the extent that they contradict claims of a totally
20 | debilitating impairment.”); Curry v. Sullivan, 925 F.2d 1127, 1130 (9th Cir. 1990)
21 || (claimant’s ability to “take care of her personal needs, prepare easy meals, do light
22 || housework and shop for some groceries . . . may be seen as inconsistent with the
23 || presence of a condition which would preclude all work activity”) (citing Fair v.
24 || Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 604 (9th Cir. 1989)).
25 The ALJ also found an inconsistency between plaintiffs testimony that he
26 || does not drive and records reflecting that plaintiff drove during the relevant
27 || period. (AR 108; see AR 535 (December 2014), 1033 (February 2016)). Plaintiff
28 || contends that there is no inconsistency because his testimony was in August 2018,
11

1 whereas the records that reference his driving are from March 2015 and February
2 2016. (Plaintiff’s Motion at 11-12; see AR 305, 535, 1033). Regardless,
3 particularly where there is no indication of significant deterioration during the
4 relevant period, the ALJ reasonably determined that evidence of plaintiff’s ability
5 to drive was in conflict with the degree of plaintiff’s alleged limitations.
6 Plaintiff contends that the medical evidence supports his testimony of
7 significant pain because it shows that he “sought out and underwent non-
8 conservative modes of treatment,” such as injections and narcotic medications.5
9 (Plaintiff’s Motion at 11). However, the ALJ appropriately acknowledged these
10 treatments, specifically noting that plaintiff took prescription pain medications
11 such as Percocet, Soma, and Oxycodone (AR 108; see AR 526, 976, 1169, 1235),
12 and that he underwent injection therapy in 2015 to treat his lower extremity pain
13 and swelling symptoms, and received a lumbar spine epidural injection in May
14 2018 (AR 108; see AR 525, 608, 613, 625, 1241). The ALJ did not characterize
15 these treatments as conservative. Nor did the ALJ dismiss that plaintiff clearly
16 does experience some pain and physical limitations. Rather, the ALJ conducted a
17 detailed assessment of the evidence of record and concluded that the degree and
18 frequency of plaintiff’s pain and limitations were not as severe or debilitating as
19 alleged. The ALJ nonetheless assessed numerous physical limitations in
20 plaintiff’s RFC, including limitations to two hours of standing or walking and six
21 hours of sitting, but with no repetitive operation of foot controls and the ability to
22 adjust his posture and elevate his feet “from time to time” without being off task.
23 (AR 105-05, 108).
24 In sum, plaintiff has failed to identify any material error in the ALJ’s
25 assessment of plaintiff’s subjective testimony and her functional limitations. The
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5Plaintiff also points to medical records of a back surgery on March 26, 2019, which was
28 six months after the ALJ issued the decision. (Plaintiff’s Motion at 11) (citing AR 37, 42).
12
1 ALJ’s findings and conclusions must be upheld, as they are based on adequate
2 reasons, under all applicable standards, and are supported by substantial evidence
3 in the record. See Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 492 (ALJ determines credibility,
4 resolves conflicts in the testimony, and resolves ambiguities in the record); Lewis
5 v. Astrue, 498 F.3d 909, 911 (9th Cir. 2007) (“[I]f evidence is susceptible of more
6 than one rational interpretation, the decision of the ALJ must be upheld.”).
7 V. CONCLUSION
8 For the foregoing reasons, the decision of the Commissioner of Social
9 Security is AFFIRMED.
10 LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.
11 DATED: November 4, 2020
12 _____________/s/____________________
Honorable Jacqueline Chooljian
13
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10039442. Public record. Not legal advice.