# Ellsworth L. Harrell v. Damion Pelonis

> District Court, C.D. California · February 28, 2020

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10037115

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, C.D. California
- **Decided:** February 28, 2020
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10037115

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- holding principles of comity and federalism require federal courts to abstain from interfering with pending 26 state court proceedings
- finding “[i]f the court concludes that the challenge would necessarily imply 5 the invalidity of the judgment or continuing confinement, then the challenge must be 6 brought as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, not under § 1983.”

## Opinion text

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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10 ELLSWORTH L. HARRELL, Case No. EDCV 20-198-AB (KK)
11 Plaintiff,
12 v. ORDER DISMISSING COMPLAINT
WITH LEAVE TO AMEND
13 DAMION PELONIS, ET AL.,

14 Defendant(s).

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17 I.
18 INTRODUCTION
19 Plaintiff Ellsworth L. Harrell (“Harrell” or “Plaintiff”), proceeding pro se and
20 in forma pauperis, filed a Complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (“Section 1983”)
21 alleging various violations of his civil rights. For the reasons discussed below, the
22 Court dismisses the Complaint with leave to amend.
23 II.
24 ALLEGATIONS IN THE COMPLAINT
25 On January 29, 2020, Harrell filed a Complaint against San Bernardino County
26 District Attorneys Damion Pelonis and Thomas Perkins, San Bernardino County
27 Public Defender Andrew Mul, and San Bernardino County Sheriff Detective Patton
1 (“Defendants”) in their individual and official capacities. ECF Docket No. (“Dkt.”)
2 1.
3 According to the Complaint, on June 7, 1979 Harrell was convicted of rape and
4 forcible oral copulation with a person under 14 years of age in violation of sections
5 261 and former 288a(c) of the California Penal Code. Dkt. 1 at 4, 91. On July 27,
6 1979, Harrell was sentenced to seven years in state prison. Id. at 4. Harrell appears to
7 allege his conviction was the result of various constitutional violations, including
8 prosecutorial misconduct, insufficient evidence, confrontation clause violation, and
9 possibly ineffective assistance of counsel.
10 On or about June 6, 1983, Harrell was released on parole. Id. Harrell alleges
11 he was “never ordered to register 290 for life”1, but was required to register as a
12 condition of parole. Id. In 1984, Harrell was discharged from parole and in 1985 he
13 moved to Orange County, California. Id. In February 1997, Harrell moved to Utah
14 and then back and forth between Utah and Florida.2 Id. at 5.
15 In April 2013, Harrell came to California to visit his son and in May 2013 he
16 was arrested for failing to register. Id. at 6. Harrell alleges that because the district
17 attorney could not get a certified copy of the 1979 conviction, Harrell’s public
18 defender, defendant Mul “went down to Los Angeles and got the case, brought [it]
19 back and had [Harrell] plead guilty to failure to register in San Bernardino Co[unty].”
20 Id. On October 29, 2013, Harrell was convicted of failing to register pursuant to
21 Section 290(b) of the California Penal Code and was sentenced to “4 years with 80%”.
22 See id. at 4, 47. Harrell alleges he was wrongfully convicted due to defendant Mul’s
23 ineffective assistance of counsel. Id. at 6. In April 2016, Harrell was released and
24 went back to Utah and thereafter Florida. Id.
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1 Section 290 of the California Penal Code requires mandatory lifetime registration as
26 a sex offender for certain offenses, including section 261 and former section 288a of
the California Penal Code. Cal. Penal Code § 290.
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2 In the transcript of Harrell’s November 13, 2019 preliminary hearing attached to the
1 On April 26, 2019, Harrell was arrested for driving under the influence in
2 Baker, California. Id. at 3. Harrell was given a citation and released, but held for a
3 warrant for failing to report to probation upon his release from the 2013 conviction in
4 April 2016. Id. Harrell was taken to court on May 3, 2019 and “received 180 days
5 with half time.” Id.
6 On June 3, 2019, Harrell was “given a bogus Ramey warrant”3 alleging Harrell
7 had failed to register pursuant to section 290 of the California Penal Code. Id. at 3,
8 32. On July 30, 2019 defendant Patton was “told by the Department of Justice . . .
9 not to arrest or detain on that order, but he ignored that order.” Id. at 3.
10 On October 30, 2019, defendant Perkins filed a “Declaration in Support of
11 Arrest Warrant and/or Felony Pretrial Confinement” in Case #FSB19003744 in the
12 Superior Court of California, County of San Bernardino declaring there is probable
13 cause to believe Harrell committed the crime of failing to register pursuant to section
14 290 of the California Penal Code. Id. at 4, 42-43. On November 13, 2019, a First
15 Amended Felony Complaint was filed in Case #FSB19003744 alleging on or about
16 May 30, 2019, Harrell failed to register initially or after an address change. Id. at 4, 47.
17 On November 13, 2019, defendant Patton testified at Harrell’s preliminary hearing in
18 Case #FSB19003744. Id. at 105-148.
19 Based on these allegations, Harrell claims: “false imprisonment, m[a]li[c]ious
20 prosecution, filing bogus warrant/charges, [and] wrongful conviction.” Id. at 3. As
21 to each defendant, Harrell alleges:
22 (a) Defendant Mul “knowingly and willingly went down to the Los Angeles
23 County Court and g[o]t the 1979 conviction and had [Harrell] p[l]ea[d]
24 guilt[y] to it.”
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3 A “Ramey warrant” is a warrant authorizing the arrest of a suspect within the home
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before the filing of criminal charges by the district attorney. Goodwin v. Superior
1 (b) Defendant Patton “knowingly and willingly went against the Department of
2 Justice and charged [Harrell] when he was asked not too!”
3 (c) Defendants Pelonis and Perkins “knew the case FASB 19003744 was
4 untrue. Yet Mr. Perkins pursued a prosecution anyway.”
5 Id. at 2.
6 Harrell seeks compensatory and punitive damages as well as an order that his
7 record and “all web sites” be cleared of all charges. Dkt. 1 at 8-9.
8 III.
9 STANDARD OF REVIEW
10 Where a plaintiff proceeding in forma pauperis, a court must screen the
11 complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 and is required to dismiss the case at any time if it
12 concludes the action is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a claim on which relief may
13 be granted, or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such
14 relief. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B), 1915A; see Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193,
15 1194 (9th Cir. 1998).
16 Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 (“Rule 8”), a complaint must contain a
17 “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.”
18 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). In determining whether a complaint fails to state a claim for
19 screening purposes, a court applies the same pleading standard as it would when
20 evaluating a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). See
21 Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012).
22 A complaint may be dismissed for failure to state a claim “where there is no
23 cognizable legal theory or an absence of sufficient facts alleged to support a
24 cognizable legal theory.” Zamani v. Carnes, 491 F.3d 990, 996 (9th Cir. 2007). In
25 considering whether a complaint states a claim, a court must accept as true all of the
26 material factual allegations in it. Hamilton v. Brown, 630 F.3d 889, 892-93 (9th Cir.
27 2011). However, the court need not accept as true “allegations that are merely
1 Gilead Scis. Sec. Litig., 536 F.3d 1049, 1055 (9th Cir. 2008). Although a complaint
2 need not include detailed factual allegations, it “must contain sufficient factual matter,
3 accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Cook v.
4 Brewer, 637 F.3d 1002, 1004 (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662,
5 678, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 173 L. Ed. 2d 868 (2009)). A claim is facially plausible when it
6 “allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the
7 misconduct alleged.” Id. The complaint “must contain sufficient allegations of
8 underlying facts to give fair notice and to enable the opposing party to defend itself
9 effectively.” Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011).
10 “A document filed pro se is ‘to be liberally construed,’ and a ‘pro se complaint,
11 however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than formal
12 pleadings drafted by lawyers.’” Woods v. Carey, 525 F.3d 886, 889-90 (9th Cir. 2008).
13 However, liberal construction should only be afforded to “a plaintiff’s factual
14 allegations,” Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 330 n.9, 109 S. Ct. 1827, 104 L. Ed. 2d
15 339 (1989), and a court need not accept as true “unreasonable inferences or assume
16 the truth of legal conclusions cast in the form of factual allegations,” Ileto v. Glock
17 Inc., 349 F.3d 1191, 1200 (9th Cir. 2003).
18 If a court finds the complaint should be dismissed for failure to state a claim,
19 the court has discretion to dismiss with or without leave to amend. Lopez v. Smith,
20 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-30 (9th Cir. 2000). Leave to amend should be granted if it
21 appears possible the defects in the complaint could be corrected, especially if the
22 plaintiff is pro se. Id. at 1130-31; see also Cato v. United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106
23 (9th Cir. 1995). However, if, after careful consideration, it is clear a complaint cannot
24 be cured by amendment, the court may dismiss without leave to amend. Cato, 70
25 F.3d at 1107-11; see also Moss v. U.S. Secret Serv., 572 F.3d 962, 972 (9th Cir. 2009).
26 ///
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1 IV.
2 DISCUSSION
3 HARRELL’S CLAIMS ARE HECK BARRED
4 A. APPLICABLE LAW
5 A petition for a writ of habeas corpus “is the exclusive remedy for a state
6 prisoner who challenges the fact or duration of his confinement.” Heck v.
7 Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 481, 114 S. Ct. 2364, 129 L. Ed. 2d 383 (1994). Under
8 Heck, a claim that “necessarily implie[s] the invalidity of [a] conviction or sentence
9 [may] not be maintained under § 1983 unless the [plaintiff] proved ‘that the conviction
10 or sentence has been reversed on direct appeal, expunged by executive order, declared
11 invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such determination[s], or called into
12 question by a federal court’s issuance of a writ of habeas corpus.’” Nonnette v. Small,
13 316 F.3d 872, 875 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Heck, 512 U.S. at 486-87); see also
14 Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74, 81-82, 125 S. Ct. 1242, 161 L. Ed. 2d 253 (2005).
15 B. ANALYSIS
16 While not entirely clear, in light of Harrell’s claims of false imprisonment,
17 malicious prosecution, “filing bogus warrant/charges,” and wrongful conviction and
18 request to have his records and websites “cleared”, it appears Harrell is seeking to
19 challenge (a) his 1979 conviction on the grounds of prosecutorial misconduct,
20 insufficient evidence, confrontation clause violation, and possibly ineffective
21 assistance of counsel; (b) his 2013 conviction on the grounds of ineffective assistance
22 of counsel; and (c) his 2019 conviction4 in case #FSB 19003744 on the grounds of
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4 The Court recognizes it is not entirely clear from the Complaint whether Harrell was
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convicted of the failure to register in 2019. To the extent no judgment has yet been
rendered, his claims would be barred by Younger abstention. See Younger v. Harris,
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401 U.S. 37, 43-45, 91 S. Ct. 746, 27 L. Ed. 2d 669 (1971) (holding principles of
comity and federalism require federal courts to abstain from interfering with pending
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state court proceedings). Younger abstention is required if state proceedings (1) are
ongoing, (2) implicate important state interests, and (3) provide an adequate
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opportunity to litigate federal claims. Columbia Basin Apt. Ass’n v. City of Pasco, 268
1 insufficient evidence and prosecutorial misconduct. However, Harrell has not shown
2 his convictions have already been invalidated. See Nonnette, 316 F.3d at 875. Thus,
3 his claims are barred under Heck. See Butterfield v. Bail, 120 F.3d 1023, 1024 (9th
4 Cir. 1997) (finding “[i]f the court concludes that the challenge would necessarily imply
5 the invalidity of the judgment or continuing confinement, then the challenge must be
6 brought as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, not under § 1983.”); Smithart v.
7 Towery, 79 F.3d 951, 952 (9th Cir. 1996) (“There is no question that Heck bars
8 Smithart’s claims that defendants lacked probable cause to arrest him and brought
9 unfounded criminal charges against him.”).
10 Accordingly, because Harrell’s claims necessarily imply the invalidity of his
11 convictions, a petition for a writ of habeas corpus “is the exclusive remedy” for
12 Harrell to challenge his convictions5 and the Complaint is subject to dismissal.
13 V.
14 LEAVE TO FILE A FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
15 For the foregoing reasons, the Complaint is subject to dismissal. As the Court
16 is unable to determine whether amendment would be futile, leave to amend is granted.
17 See Lucas v. Dep’t of Corr., 66 F.3d 245, 248 (9th Cir. 1995) (per curiam). Plaintiff is
18 advised that the Court’s determination herein that the allegations in the Complaint are
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5 The Court notes, however, it may not be possible for Petitioner to challenge his
convictions through habeas petitions because he is no longer “in custody.” See
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Maleng v. Cook, 490 U.S. 488, 492, 109 S. Ct. 1923, 104 L. Ed. 2d 540 (1989)
(“[O]nce the sentence imposed for a conviction has completely expired, the collateral
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consequences of that conviction are not themselves sufficient to render an individual
‘in custody’ for the purposes of a habeas attack upon it.”); Henry v. Lungren, 164
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F.3d 1240, 1242 (9th Cir. 1999) (holding “California’s sex offender registration
requirement does not ‘constitute the type of severe, immediate restraint on physical
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liberty necessary to render a petitioner “in custody” for the purposes of federal habeas
corpus relief,’ but is ‘merely a collateral consequence of conviction’”); Holmes v.
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California, No. EDCV 19-00884-DOC (DFM), 2019 WL 2424108, at *2 (C.D. Cal.
June 10, 2019) (same). Nevertheless, Harrell’s claims remain barred by Heck because
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he has not shown he diligently challenged those convictions prior to filing the instant
lawsuit. Guerrero v. Gates, 442 F.3d 697, 704-05 (9th Cir. 2006) (holding Heck bars
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Guerrero’s Section 1983 claims of wrongful arrest, malicious prosecution, and
1 insufficient to state a particular claim should not be seen as dispositive of that claim.
2 Accordingly, while the Court believes Plaintiff has failed to plead sufficient factual
3 matter in his pleading, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is viable on its
4 face, Plaintiff is not required to omit any claim in order to pursue this action.
5 However, if Plaintiff asserts a claim in his First Amended Complaint that has been
6 found to be deficient without addressing the claim’s deficiencies, then the Court,
7 pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636, ultimately will submit to the assigned
8 district judge a recommendation that such claim be dismissed with prejudice for
9 failure to state a claim, subject to Plaintiff’s right at that time to file Objections with
10 the district judge as provided in the Local Rules Governing Duties of Magistrate
11 Judges.
12 Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED THAT within twenty-one (21) days of the
13 service date of this Order, Plaintiff choose one of the following two options:
14 1. Plaintiff may file a First Amended Complaint to attempt to cure the
15 deficiencies discussed above. The Clerk of Court is directed to mail Plaintiff a
16 blank Central District civil rights complaint form to use for filing the First
17 Amended Complaint, which the Court encourages Plaintiff to use.
18 If Plaintiff chooses to file a First Amended Complaint, he must clearly
19 designate on the face of the document that it is the “First Amended Complaint,” it
20 must bear the docket number assigned to this case, and it must be retyped or
21 rewritten in its entirety, preferably on the court-approved form. Plaintiff shall not
22 include new defendants or allegations that are not reasonably related to the claims
23 asserted in the Complaint. In addition, the First Amended Complaint must be
24 complete without reference to the Complaint, or any other pleading, attachment, or
25 document.
26 An amended complaint supersedes the preceding complaint. Ferdik v.
27 Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262 (9th Cir. 1992). After amendment, the Court will treat
1 leave to amend as to all his claims raised here, any claim raised in a preceding
2 complaint is waived if it is not raised again in the First Amended Complaint.
3 Lacey v. Maricopa Cty., 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012).
4 The Court advises Plaintiff that it generally will not be well-disposed toward
5 another dismissal with leave to amend if Plaintiff files a First Amended Complaint
6 that continues to include claims on which relief cannot be granted. “[A] district
7 court’s discretion over amendments is especially broad ‘where the court has already
8 given a plaintiff one or more opportunities to amend his complaint.’” Ismail v. Cty.
9 of Orange, 917 F. Supp. 2d 1060, 1066 (C.D. Cal. 2012); see also Ferdik, 963 F.2d at
10 1261. Thus, if Plaintiff files a First Amended Complaint with claims on which
11 relief cannot be granted, the First Amended Complaint will be dismissed
12 without leave to amend and with prejudice.
13 2. Alternatively, Plaintiff may voluntarily dismiss the action without
14 prejudice, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a). The Clerk of Court is
15 directed to mail Plaintiff a blank Notice of Dismissal Form, which the Court
16 encourages Plaintiff to use if he chooses to voluntarily dismiss the action.
17 Plaintiff is explicitly cautioned that failure to timely respond to this
18 Order will result in this action being dismissed with prejudice for failure to
19 state a claim, or for failure to prosecute and/or obey Court orders pursuant to
20 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b).
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22 Dated: February 28, 2020

23 HONORABLE KENLY KIYA KATO
United States Magistrate Judge
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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10037115. Public record. Not legal advice.