# (PC) Kyle v. Covello > District Court, E.D. California · August 9, 2021 URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10029343 ## Case - **Court:** District Court, E.D. California - **Decided:** August 9, 2021 - **Opinion:** 100trialcourt - **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library ## Citator (automated) - No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases. - Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10029343 ## Opinion text 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DONTA LADEAL KYLE, No. 2:20-CV-2148-JAM-DMC-P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 PATRICK COVELLO, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, a prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant to 18 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s complaint, ECF No. 1. 19 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief 20 against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 21 § 1915A(a). The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or 22 malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief 23 from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Moreover, 24 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that complaints contain a “. . . short and plain 25 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). This 26 means that claims must be stated simply, concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 27 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied if the 28 complaint gives the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon which it 1 rests. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because Plaintiff must allege 2 with at least some degree of particularity overt acts by specific defendants which support the 3 claims, vague and conclusory allegations fail to satisfy this standard. Additionally, it is 4 impossible for the Court to conduct the screening required by law when the allegations are vague 5 and conclusory. 6 Plaintiff names Patrick Covello, Lakesha Thompson, and “Mailroom Staff” as 7 defendants. See ECF No. 1, pgs. 1, 2. Plaintiff claims that he has not been allowed to receive 8 personal mail at Mule Creek State Prison, in violation of his First Amendment rights. See id. at 3. 9 He also claims he has not been permitted to contact outside organizations, such as Black Lives 10 Matter. See id. Plaintiff states it is essential he be allowed to correspond because new DNA 11 evidence shows his actual innocence. See id. 12 As a minimum, to state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiff must allege 13 an actual connection or link between the actions of the named defendants and the alleged 14 deprivations. See Monell v. Dep’t of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 15 U.S. 362 (1976). “A person ‘subjects’ another to the deprivation of a constitutional right, within 16 the meaning of § 1983, if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's affirmative acts, or 17 omits to perform an act which he is legally required to do that causes the deprivation of which 18 complaint is made.” Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory 19 allegations concerning the involvement of official personnel in civil rights violations are not 20 sufficient. See Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). Rather, the plaintiff 21 must set forth specific facts as to each individual defendant’s causal role in the alleged 22 constitutional deprivation. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). 23 Here, Plaintiff has not alleged any facts to suggest how Defendants acted to cause 24 or contribute to a violation of Plaintiff’s First Amendment rights. In particular, no named 25 defendant is referenced in Plaintiff’s statement of his claim. Plaintiff will be provided an 26 opportunity to amend. 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Because it is possible that the deficiencies identified in this order may be cured by 2 amending the complaint, Plaintiff is entitled to leave to amend prior to dismissal of the entire 3 action. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). Plaintiff is 4 informed that, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See 5 Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262 (9th Cir. 1992). Thus, following dismissal with leave to 6 amend, all claims alleged in the original complaint which are not alleged in the amended 7 complaint are waived. See King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987). Therefore, if 8 Plaintiff amends the complaint, the Court cannot refer to the prior pleading in order to make 9 Plaintiff's amended complaint complete. See Local Rule 220. An amended complaint must be 10 complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. See id. 11 If Plaintiff chooses to amend the complaint, Plaintiff must demonstrate how the 12 conditions complained of have resulted in a deprivation of Plaintiff’s constitutional rights. See 13 Ellis v. Cassidy, 625 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1980). The complaint must allege in specific terms how 14 each named defendant is involved, and must set forth some affirmative link or connection 15 between each defendant’s actions and the claimed deprivation. See May v. Enomoto, 633 F.2d 16 164, 167 (9th Cir. 1980); Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978). 17 Finally, Plaintiff is warned that failure to file an amended complaint within the 18 time provided in this order may be grounds for dismissal of this action. See Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 19 1260-61; see also Local Rule 110. Plaintiff is also warned that a complaint which fails to comply 20 with Rule 8 may, in the Court’s discretion, be dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Rule 41(b). 21 See Nevijel v. North Coast Life Ins. Co., 651 F.2d 671, 673 (9th Cir. 1981). 22 / / / 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 2 1. Plaintiff's complaint is dismissed with leave to amend; and 3 2. Plaintiff shall file a first amended complaint within 30 days of the date of 4 | service of this order. 5 6 || Dated: August 6, 2021 Ssvcqo_ 7 DENNIS M. COTA 8 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 --- Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10029343. Public record. Not legal advice.