# Corral v. California Highway Patrol

> District Court, E.D. California · June 3, 2021

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10028055

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, E.D. California
- **Decided:** June 3, 2021
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

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## Opinion text

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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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11 JOHN CORRAL, ) Case No.: 1:21-cv-00822-DAD-JLT
)
12 Plaintiff, ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
) DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO PROCEED
13 v. ) IN FORMA PAUPERIS AND ORDERING THE
) COMPLAINT TO BE DISMISSED WITH LEAVE
14 CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY PATROL, et al.,
) TO AMEND
15 Defendants. )
) [THIRTY-DAY OBJECTION DEADLINE]
16 )

17 John Corral seeks to proceed in forma pauperis in this action against the California Highway
18 Patrol and named officers based on an incident that occurred on June 5, 2019. Under 28 USC §
19 1915(e)(2), the Court is obligated to deny the motion to proceed in forma pauperis if the allegation of
20 poverty is untrue or the action is frivolous or malicious, it fails to state a claim upon which relief may
21 be granted or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune. For the reasons set forth
22 below, the Court recommends that the motion to proceed in forma pauperis be DENIED and the
23 complaint be DISMISSED with leave to amend.
24 I. Plaintiff’s Application to Proceed In Forma Pauperis
25 Pursuant to federal statute, a filing fee of $350.00 is required to commence a civil action in
26 federal district court. 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). In addition, a $50.00 general administrative fee for civil
27 cases must be paid. 28 U.S.C. § 1914(b). The court may authorize the commencement of an action
28 “without prepayment of fees . . . by a person who submits an affidavit” showing that he is unable to
1 pay such fees. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a).
2 Plaintiff’s May 20, 2021 in forma pauperis application states that plaintiff is earning $5,800 in
3 gross pay or wages monthly and has $1,000 in a bank account and identified that his sister lives with
4 him and “buys the majority of food monthly instead of paying rent to [him].” (Doc. 2 at 1-2.) Plaintiff
5 also indicates that he was off work from December 4, 2019 to December 2, 2020 and received state
6 disability insurance biweekly in the amount of $1,632. (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff also received pandemic
7 stimulus payments in the amounts of $1,200, $600, and $1,400. (Id. at 4-6.) In light of plaintiff’s stated
8 financial situation, the Court finds that plaintiff has failed to show that he is unable to pay the filing
9 fees. Thus, plaintiff has made an inadequate showing of indigency. See Olivares v. Marshall, 59 F.3d
10 109, 111 (9th Cir. 1995) (“Requiring the payment of fees according to a plaintiff’s ability to pay
11 serves the dual aims of defraying some of the judicial costs of litigation and screening out frivolous
12 claims.”).
13 Moreover, even a determination that a plaintiff qualifies financially for in forma pauperis
14 status does not complete the inquiry required by the statute. “‘A district court may deny leave to
15 proceed in forma pauperis at the outset if it appears from the face of the proposed complaint that the
16 action is frivolous or without merit.’” Minetti v. Port of Seattle, 152 F.3d 1113, 1115 (9th Cir. 1998)
17 (quoting Tripati v. First Nat. Bank & Trust, 821 F.2d 1368, 1370 (9th Cir. 1987)); see also McGee v.
18 Department of Child Support Services, 584 Fed. Appx. 638 (9th Cir. 2014) (“the district court did not
19 abuse its discretion by denying McGee’s request to proceed IFP because it appears from the face of
20 the amended complaint that McGee’s action is frivolous or without merit”); Smart v. Heinze, 347 F.2d
21 114, 116 (9th Cir. 1965) (“It is the duty of the District Court to examine any application for leave to
22 proceed in forma pauperis to determine whether the proposed proceeding has merit and if it appears
23 that the proceeding is without merit, the court is bound to deny a motion seeking leave to proceed in
24 forma pauperis.”).
25 The Court is required to deny an application to proceed in forma pauperis when the complaint
26 fails to state a claim. 28 USC § 1915(e)(2). For the reasons set forth below, the Court finds that the
27 plaintiff’s complaint fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 8 and fails to state a claim. As a
28 result, this forms an alternate basis to deny the application to proceed in forma pauperis. Although the
1 Court concludes that the complaint should be dismissed, it recommends that leave to amend be
2 granted. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127-1128 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc).
3 II. Screening Requirement
4 The court must dismiss an in forma pauperis case at any time if the allegation of poverty is
5 found to be untrue or if it is determined that the action is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a claim
6 on which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against an immune defendant. See 28 U.S.C.
7 § 1915(e)(2).
8 A plaintiff’s claim is frivolous “when the facts alleged rise to the level of the irrational or the
9 wholly incredible, whether or not there are judicially noticeable facts available to contradict them.”
10 Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 32-33 (1992). In other words, a complaint is frivolous where the
11 litigant sets “not only the inarguable legal conclusion, but also the fanciful factual allegation.” Neitzke
12 v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989).
13 III. Pleading Standards
14 General rules for pleading complaints are governed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. A
15 pleading must include a statement affirming the court’s jurisdiction, “a short and plain statement of the
16 claim showing the pleader is entitled to relief; and . . . a demand for the relief sought, which may
17 include relief in the alternative or different types of relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a).
18 A complaint must give fair notice and state the elements of the plaintiff’s claim in a plain and
19 succinct manner. Jones v. Cmty. Redevelopment Agency, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984). The
20 purpose of the complaint is to inform the defendant of the grounds upon which the complaint stands.
21 Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 512 (2002). The Supreme Court noted,
22 Rule 8 does not require detailed factual allegations, but it demands more than an
unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation. A pleading that offers
23 labels and conclusions or a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will
not do. Nor does a complaint suffice if it tenders naked assertions devoid of further
24 factual enhancement.

25 Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678-79 (2009) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Vague
26 and conclusory allegations do not support a cause of action. Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266,
27 268 (9th Cir. 1982). The Court clarified further,
28 [A] complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to “state a claim
to relief that is plausible on its face.” [Citation]. A claim has facial plausibility when the
1 plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that
the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. [Citation]. The plausibility standard is
2 not akin to a “probability requirement,” but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that
a defendant has acted unlawfully. [Citation]. Where a complaint pleads facts that are
3 “merely consistent with” a defendant’s liability, it “stops short of the line between
possibility and plausibility of ‘entitlement to relief.’
4

5 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679 (citations omitted). When factual allegations are well-pled, a court should
6 assume their truth and determine whether the facts would make the plaintiff entitled to relief; legal
7 conclusions are not entitled to the same assumption of truth. Id. The Court may grant leave to amend a
8 complaint to the extent deficiencies of the complaint can be cured by an amendment. Lopez v. Smith,
9 203 F.3d 1122, 1127-28 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc).
10 IV. Section 1983 Claims
11 An individual may bring an action for the deprivation of civil rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §
12 1983, which states in relevant part:
13 Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of
any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any
14 citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation
of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable
15 to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.

16 42 U.S.C. § 1983. To state a cognizable claim under Section 1983, a plaintiff must allege facts from
17 which it may be inferred (1) he was deprived of a federal right, and (2) a person or entity who
18 committed the alleged violation acted under color of state law. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48
19 (1988); Williams v. Gorton, 529 F.2d 668, 670 (9th Cir. 1976).
20 V. Factual Allegations
21 Plaintiff’s allegations are based on an incident with officers of the California Highway Patrol
22 that occurred on June 5, 2019. (Doc. 1 at 7.) Plaintiff alleges that he was wrongfully detained and
23 harmed by the defendants. (Id.) Plaintiff claims that he has suffered intentional infliction of emotional
24 distress based on the actions of the defendants. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that not only has he experienced
25 psychological damage, his family has also suffered as a result of defendants’ actions. (Id.) According
26 to the plaintiff, the actions of the defendants resulted in him being admitted to the intensive care unit
27 on June 5, 2019, he had three other hospital admissions and also suffered a stroke. (Id.) Plaintiff
28 claims that he now has a recurring kidney injury and cognitive and memory deficits. (Id.)
1 According to the plaintiff, he lost out on four months of full pay, and upon his return to work,
2 he was served with an adverse action for 45 days of suspension due to allegations made by the
3 California Highway Patrol. (Id.) Plaintiff claims that he has lost $35,000 in pay. (Id.) Plaintiff claims
4 he is not the same person that he was before the incident on June 5, 2019, and that it has caused severe
5 depression. (Id.) Plaintiff alleges that he will have to retire early due to his injuries. (Id.) Plaintiff also
6 alleges that he has not been able to keep his financial commitments to creditors and family. (Id.)
7 Plaintiff claims that he has been “shamed, persecuted to this day and mentally abused.” (Id.)
8 Plaintiff asserts that he wants to be compensated for all the pain and suffering that he has endured and
9 continues to endure and also seeks punitive damages. (Id.)
10 VI. Discussion and Analysis
11 The plaintiff alleges that he suffered from intentional infliction of emotional distress caused by
12 the incident on June 5, 2019 with officers of the California Highway Patrol. A claim for intentional
13 infliction of emotional distress, requires a plaintiff to establish: (1) outrageous conduct by the
14 defendant, (2) who intended to cause or recklessly disregarded the probability of causing emotional
15 distress, (3) and the defendant’s actions were the actual and proximate cause (4) of the plaintiff’s
16 severe emotional suffering. Austin v. Terhune, 367 F.3d 1167, 1172 (9th Cir. 2004), citing Brooks v.
17 United States, 29 F.Supp.2d 613, 617 (N.D. Cal. 1998).
18 Plaintiff’s allegations merely describe what has resulted from the incident, i.e., being
19 hospitalized, experiencing psychological damage and impacts on his work; however, plaintiff fails to
20 provide sufficient details regarding the incident itself. Plaintiff fails to provide details regarding the
21 alleged harmful or outrageous conduct by the defendants at the incident on June 5, 2019 and fails to
22 demonstrate that the alleged actions were the cause of plaintiff’s emotional distress.
23 As currently drafted, the plaintiff’s filing does not contain sufficient factual details to permit
24 the Court to draw the reasonable inference that any defendants are liable for the misconduct alleged.
25 See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Plaintiff’s complaint does not comply with the requirements of Rule 8(a).
26 However, the Court will provide plaintiff with one opportunity to file an amended complaint that sets
27 forth facts sufficient to support his claims. See Noll v. Carlson, 809 F.2d 1446, 1448-49 (9th Cir.
28 1987); see also Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1128 (dismissal of a pro se complaint without leave to amend for
1 failure to state a claim is proper only where it is obvious that an opportunity to amend would be futile).
2 Plaintiff is advised that an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. Forsyth v.
3 Humana, Inc., 114 F.3d 1467, 1474 (9th Cir. 1997); King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1987).
4 In addition, the amended complaint must be “complete in itself without reference to the prior or
5 superseded pleading.” Local Rule 220. Once plaintiff files an amended complaint, the original
6 pleading no longer serves any function in the case. Finally, plaintiff is warned that “[a]ll causes of
7 action alleged in an original complaint which are not alleged in an amended complaint are waived.”
8 King v. Atiyeh, 814 F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1986) (citing London v. Coopers & Lybrand, 644 F.2d
9 811, 814 (9th Cir. 1981)).
10 VII. Findings and Recommendations
11 Based upon the foregoing, the Court RECOMMENDS:
12 1. Plaintiff’s complaint be DISMISSED with leave to amend;
13 2. Plaintiff’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis (Doc. 2) be DENIED; and
14 3. Plaintiff SHALL pay the filing fee at the time of filing the first amended complaint.
15 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge
16 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Rule 304 of the Local
17 Rules of Practice for the United States District Court, Eastern District of California. Within thirty
18 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written objections
19 with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and
20 Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised failure to file objections within the specified time may waive
21 the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991);
22 Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 834 (9th Cir. 2014).
23
24 IT IS SO ORDERED.

25 Dated: June 2, 2021 _ /s/ Jennifer L. Thurston
26 CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10028055. Public record. Not legal advice.