# (PC) Bland v. Rodriguez

> District Court, E.D. California · August 18, 2020

URL: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10021300

## Case

- **Court:** District Court, E.D. California
- **Decided:** August 18, 2020
- **Opinion:** 100trialcourt
- **Cited by:** 0 later opinions in the Frix Law Library

## Citator (automated)

- No negative treatment found by the automated citator. That is not the same as a confirmation that the case is good law; read the citing cases.
- Full citator and citing cases: https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10021300

## How later opinions describe it (automated extraction)

- holding that 4 pro se complaints should continue to be liberally construed after Iqbal
- holding that the filing of a false disciplinary charge against a prisoner is not 13 actionable under § 1983 if prison officials provide the prisoner with procedural due process 14 protections

## Opinion text

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7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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10 JOSHUA BLAND, Case No. 1:20-cv-00478-EPG (PC)

11 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS,
RECOMMENDING THAT THIS ACTION
12 v. PROCEED ON PLAINTIFF’S FAILURE TO
13 ROBERT RODRIGUEZ, et al., PROTECT CLAIM AGAINST DEFENDANTS
STARK, JAIME, RODRIGUEZ, GARAY,
14 Defendants. MELENDREZ, LEWIS, AND ISAIS, AND
THAT ALL OTHER CLAIMS AND
15 DEFENDANTS BE DISMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE
16

17 (ECF NO. 14)

18 OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN
TWENTY-ONE (21) DAYS
19
ORDER DIRECTING CLERK TO ASSIGN
20 DISTRICT JUDGE
21 Joshua Bland (“Plaintiff”) is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in
22 this civil rights action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff filed the complaint
23 commencing this action on April 3, 2020. (ECF No. 1). On June 17, 2020, the Court screened
24 Plaintiff’s complaint, found it stated no cognizable claims, and gave Plaintiff leave to amend.
25 (ECF No. 11). Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint on August 10, 2020 (ECF No. 14),
26 which is before this Court for screening.
27 The Court has screened the First Amended Complaint and finds that Plaintiff’s failure
28 to protect claim against defendants Stark, Jaime, Rodriguez, Garay, Melendrez, Lewis, and
1 Isais should proceed past the screening stage. The Court also finds that all other claims and
2 defendants should be dismissed.
3 Accordingly, the Court recommends that Plaintiff’s failure to protect claim against
4 defendants Stark, Jaime, Rodriguez, Garay, Melendrez, Lewis, and Isais be allowed to proceed
5 past the screening stage and that all other claims and defendants be dismissed with prejudice.
6 Plaintiff has twenty-one days from the date of service of these findings and
7 recommendations to file his objections.
8 I. SCREENING REQUIREMENT
9 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a
10 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a).
11 The Court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are
12 legally “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or
13 that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C.
14 § 1915A(b)(1), (2). As Plaintiff is proceeding in forma pauperis (ECF No. 8), the Court may
15 also screen the complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. “Notwithstanding any filing fee, or any
16 portion thereof, that may have been paid, the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court
17 determines that the action or appeal fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.”
18 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii).
19 A complaint is required to contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing
20 that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are
21 not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere
22 conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell
23 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). A plaintiff must set forth “sufficient
24 factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Id.
25 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). The mere possibility of misconduct falls short of meeting
26 this plausibility standard. Id. at 679. While a plaintiff’s allegations are taken as true, courts
27 “are not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d
28 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Additionally, a
1 plaintiff’s legal conclusions are not accepted as true. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678.
2 Pleadings of pro se plaintiffs “must be held to less stringent standards than formal
3 pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010) (holding that
4 pro se complaints should continue to be liberally construed after Iqbal).
5 II. SUMMARY OF PLAINTIFF’S FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT
6 On October 17, 2017, Plaintiff was taken off suicide watch. Defendants Stark and
7 Jaime both said that Plaintiff was to stay on the same yard, but in building 7. Plaintiff
8 protested, telling them that the yard was dominated by 25er gang members that wanted to see
9 Plaintiff’s paperwork, or he would be killed.
10 Plaintiff stayed in his assigned cell until November 3, 2017.
11 On November 3, 2017, Plaintiff was returning to his assigned housing from the patio.
12 Plaintiff told defendant Lt. Robert Rodriguez that he was being threatened with death if he did
13 not produce his papers (abstract of judgment) to all the buildings’ 25er gang members. Then
14 defendant Sgt. Huckleberry came over and told defendant Rodriguez something. They both
15 scoffed at Plaintiff and told him to lock it up.
16 When in front of the building, defendant correctional officers Garay, Melendrez, Lewis,
17 and Isais were all standing closer than six feet from Plaintiff. Two known gang members with
18 balled-up fists rushed at Plaintiff. Plaintiff began yelling “CO!, CO!” After one inmate
19 punched Plaintiff in the face, he began yelling “Man Down!, Man Down!” The battery went on
20 for a good three to four minutes before these defendants intervened. Among other things,
21 Plaintiff suffered from bruising, scraps, a blooded nose, broken teeth, and nerve damage in an
22 eye.
23 Defendants Franco and Huckleberry approached Plaintiff when he was in medical.
24 Plaintiff did not have his glasses, so he could not see anything except for a blur. These
25 defendants had Plaintiff sign a 1083-inmate property inventory form. Plaintiff did not know
26 what had been listed, but trusted these defendants, and so signed the form. Later, when he got
27 his glasses and a copy of the form, all of his legal books, legal reports, law reviews, motions,
28 writs, and briefs were not listed. This was later confirmed after Plaintiff got some allowable
1 property in administrative segregation.
2 Defendants Rodriguez, Huckleberry, Franco, Garay, Isais, Lewis, Melendrez, and Doe
3 Defendant 1 falsified a Rules Violation Report and Crime/Incident Reports. These defendants
4 all stated that as two inmates approached Plaintiff, Plaintiff lifted his walker and hit one of the
5 two inmates with it. This is physically impossible for Plaintiff to do due to several spinal
6 problems. “All named-above Defendants did not report the incident truthfully nor accurately,
7 but for Defendants Rodriguez’s & Huckleberry’s willful blindness as supervisors and their
8 gross negligence in managing their subordinates.” This was done in retaliation due to
9 Plaintiff’s filing and attempted filing of appeals about prior staff misconduct and attempts to
10 assert his rights and otherwise due to his committed offenses and/or sexuality.
11 Defendants Rodriguez, Huckeberry, Franco, Garay, Isais, Lewis, Melendrez, and Doe
12 Defendant 1 all had a meeting of the minds to violate Plaintiff’s constitutional right to be
13 protected from battery. Their overt act of choice was to allow the two attackers to batter
14 Plaintiff as they watched and to allow the attack to go on for at least three to four minutes
15 before intervening. Then they agreed to lie on their reports of the incident and that Doe
16 Defendant would fabricate the RVR after they all conspired and critiqued their tales on paper.
17 Due to the falsified Incident Report, Doe 2 took Plaintiff’s $85 personal 4-wheel rolling
18 walker.
19 III. ANALYSIS OF PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT
20 A. False Reports
21 The filing of a false Rules Violation Report by a prison official against a prisoner is not
22 a per se violation of the prisoner’s constitutional rights. See Muhammad v. Rubia, 2010 WL
23 1260425, at *3 (N.D. Cal., Mar. 29, 2010), aff’d, 453 Fed. App’x 751 (9th Cir. 2011) (“[A]
24 prisoner has no constitutionally guaranteed immunity from being falsely or wrongly accused of
25 conduct which may result in the deprivation of a protected liberty interest. As long as a
26 prisoner is afforded procedural due process in the disciplinary hearing, allegations of a
27 fabricated charge fail to state a claim under § 1983.”) (citations omitted); Harper v. Costa, 2009
28 WL 1684599, at *2-3 (E.D. Cal., June 16, 2009), aff’d, 393 Fed. App’x 488 (9th Cir. 2010)
1 (“Although the Ninth Circuit has not directly addressed this issue in a published opinion,
2 district courts throughout California … have determined that a prisoner’s allegation that prison
3 officials issued a false disciplinary charge against him fails to state a cognizable claim for relief
4 under § 1983.”).
5 There are, however, two ways that allegations that an inmate has been subjected to
6 a false disciplinary report can state a cognizable civil rights claim: (1) when the prisoner alleges
7 that the false disciplinary report was filed in retaliation for his exercise of a constitutional right;
8 and (2) when the prisoner alleges that he was not afforded procedural due process in a
9 disciplinary proceeding concerning the false report. See Hines v. Gomez, 108 F.3d 265, 269
10 (9th Cir. 1997) (“[T]his court has reaffirmed that prisoners may still base retaliation claims on
11 harms that would not raise due process concerns.”); Freeman v. Rideout, 808 F.2d 949, 951 (2d
12 Cir. 1986) (holding that the filing of a false disciplinary charge against a prisoner is not
13 actionable under § 1983 if prison officials provide the prisoner with procedural due process
14 protections); Hanrahan v. Lane, 747 F.2d 1137, 1140-41 (7th Cir. 1984) (“[A]n allegation that a
15 prison guard planted false evidence which implicates an inmate in a disciplinary infraction fails
16 to state a claim for which relief can be granted where the procedural due process protections as
17 required in Wolff v. McDonnell are provided.”).
18 A plaintiff may state a section 1983 claim for a violation of his First Amendment rights
19 due to retaliation. Pratt v. Rowland, 65 F.3d 802, 806 (9th Cir. 1995). A retaliation claim
20 requires “five basic elements: (1) an assertion that a state actor took some adverse action
21 against an inmate (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action (4)
22 chilled the inmate’s exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not
23 reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68
24 (9th Cir. 2005) (footnote omitted); accord Watson v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1114-15 (9th Cir.
25 2012); Brodheim v. Cry, 584 F.3d 1262, 1269 (9th Cir. 2009).
26 While prisoners have no freestanding right to a prison grievance process, see Ramirez v.
27 Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 (9th Cir.2003), “a prisoner’s fundamental right of access to the
28 courts hinges on his ability to access the prison grievance system,” Bradley v. Hall, 64 F.3d
1 1276, 1279 (9th Cir.1995), overruled on other grounds by Shaw v. Murphy, 532 U.S. 223, 230
2 n.2 (2001). Because filing administrative grievances and initiating civil litigation are protected
3 activities, it is impermissible for prison officials to retaliate against prisoners for engaging in
4 these activities. Rhodes, 408 F.3d at 567.
5 Here, Plaintiff attempts to allege that certain defendants falsified a Rules Violation
6 Report and Crime/Incident Reports in retaliation for Plaintiff filing appeals, attempting to assert
7 his rights, “and otherwise due to [Plaintiff’s] committed offense(s) and/or sexuality.” Even
8 were the Court to assume that everything Plaintiff listed is protected conduct, there are no
9 factual allegations, such as anything any of these defendants said or did, suggesting that these
10 defendants retaliated against Plaintiff because Plaintiff filed appeals, attempted to assert his
11 rights, or “otherwise due to [Plaintiff’s] committed offense(s) and/or sexuality.” Accordingly,
12 Plaintiff has failed to state a retaliation claim based on his allegations that certain defendants
13 falsified reports.
14 B. Equal Protection
15 The equal protection clause requires that persons who are similarly situated be treated
16 alike. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985); Hartmann
17 v. California Dep't of Corr. & Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1123 (9th Cir. 2013); Furnace v.
18 Sullivan, 705 F.3d 1021, 1030 (9th Cir. 2013); Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d 878, 891 (9th Cir.
19 2008). To state a claim, Plaintiff must show that Defendants intentionally discriminated
20 against him based on his membership in a protected class, Hartmann, 707 F.3d at 1123
21 Furnace, 705 F.3d at 1030, Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071, 1082 (9th Cir. 2003), Thornton
22 v. City of St. Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 1166-67 (9th Cir. 2005), Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250
23 F.3d 668, 686 (9th Cir. 2001), or that similarly situated individuals were intentionally treated
24 differently without a rational relationship to a legitimate state purpose, Engquist v. Oregon
25 Department of Agr., 553 U.S. 591, 601-02 (2008), Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S.
26 562, 564 (2000), Lazy Y Ranch Ltd. v. Behrens, 546 F.3d 580, 592 (9th Cir. 2008), North
27 Pacifica LLC v. City of Pacifica, 526 F.3d 478, 486 (9th Cir. 2008).
28 There are no allegations in the complaint suggesting that any defendant intentionally
1 discriminated against Plaintiff based on his membership in a protected class, or that similarly
2 situated individuals were intentionally treated differently. Accordingly, Plaintiff has failed to
3 state a claim under the equal protection clause.
4 C. Deprivation of Property
5 The Due Process Clause protects prisoners from being deprived of property without due
6 process of law, Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 556 (1974), and prisoners have a protected
7 interest in their personal property, Hansen v. May, 502 F.2d 728, 730 (9th Cir. 1974).
8 Authorized intentional deprivation of property pursuant to an established state procedure is
9 actionable under the Due Process Clause. Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 532 & n.13 (1984)
10 (citing Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co., 455 U.S. 422, 435-36 (1982)); Quick v. Jones, 754
11 F.2d 1521, 1524 (9th Cir. 1985). On the other hand, “an unauthorized intentional deprivation
12 of property by a state employee does not constitute a violation of the procedural requirements
13 of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment if a meaningful postdeprivation
14 remedy for the loss is available.” Hudson, 468 U.S. at 533. And, “California law provides an
15 adequate post-deprivation remedy for any property deprivations.” Barnett v. Centoni, 31 F.3d
16 813, 816-17 (9th Cir. 1994) (citing Cal. Gov’t Code §§ 810-95). Additionally, “the Due
17 Process Clause is [] not implicated by a negligent act of an official causing unintended loss of
18 or injury to … property.” Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327, 328 (1986).
19 Plaintiff alleges two separate deprivations of his property. Plaintiff alleges that, due to
20 the falsified Incident Report, Doe 2 took his personal 4-wheel rolling walker. Plaintiff also
21 alleges that, after he was assaulted, he signed an inventory form that defendants Franco and
22 Huckleberry presented to him because he trusted these defendants. However, his legal books,
23 legal reports, law reviews, motions, writs, and briefs were not listed on the form.
24 As to both deprivations of property, Plaintiff appears to be alleging an unauthorized
25 intentional deprivation.1 There are no allegations suggesting that his property was taken
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27 1 To the extent Plaintiff is alleging that defendants Franco and Huckleberry accidently failed to list his
legal books, legal reports, law reviews, motions, writs, and briefs on the inventory form they presented to Plaintiff,
28 Plaintiff has failed to state a claim because “the Due Process Clause is [] not implicated by a negligent act of an
official causing unintended loss of or injury to … property.” Daniels, 474 U.S. at 328.
1 pursuant to an established state procedure. As California law provides an adequate post-
2 deprivation remedy, Plaintiff has failed to state a claim under the Due Process Clause for
3 deprivation of his property. The Court notes that Plaintiff did not assert a claim under state law
4 regarding the deprivation of property, nor did he plead compliance with California’s
5 Government Claims Act.2
6 D. Failure to Protect
7 To establish a failure to protect claim, the prisoner must establish that prison officials
8 were deliberately indifferent to a sufficiently serious threat to the prisoner’s safety. Farmer v.
9 Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994). “‘Deliberate indifference’ has both subjective and
10 objective components.” Labatad v. Corr. Corp. of Am., 714 F.3d 1155, 1160 (9th Cir. 2013).
11 The prisoner must show that “the official [knew] of and disregard[ed] an excessive risk to
12 inmate ... safety; the official must both be aware of facts from which the inference could be
13 drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and [the official] must also draw the
14 inference.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. “Liability may follow only if a prison official ‘knows
15 that inmates face a substantial risk of serious harm and disregards that risk by failing to take
16 reasonable measures to abate it.’” Labatad, 714 F.3d at 1160 (quoting Farmer, 511 U.S. at
17 847).
18 Plaintiff alleges that he told Defendants Stark and Jaime that he did not want to stay on
19 the same yard, because the yard was dominated by 25er gang members that wanted to see
20 Plaintiff’s paperwork (his abstract of judgment) or he would be killed. Based on the allegations
21 in the complaint, it appears that these defendants did not address Plaintiff’s concerns.
22 On November 3, 2017, Plaintiff left his assigned cell for the first time. Plaintiff told
23 defendant Rodriguez that he was being threatened with death if he did not produce his papers to
24
25 2 California’s Government Claims Act requires that a tort claim against a public entity or its employees be
presented to the California Victim Compensation and Government Claims Board, formerly known as the State
26 Board of Control, no more than six months after the cause of action accrues. Cal. Gov’t Code §§ 905.2, 910,
911.2, 945.4, 950-950.2. Presentation of a written claim, and action on or rejection of the claim, are conditions
27 precedent to suit. State v. Superior Court of Kings County (Bodde), 32 Cal.4th 1234, 1245 (Cal. 2004); Mangold
v. California Pub. Utils. Comm’n, 67 F.3d 1470, 1477 (9th Cir. 1995). To state a tort claim against a public entity
28 or employee, a plaintiff must allege compliance with the Government Claims Act. Bodde, 32 Cal.4th at 1245;
Mangold, 67 F.3d at 1477; Karim-Panahi v. Los Angeles Police Dept., 839 F.2d 621, 627 (9th Cir. 1988).
1 all the buildings’ 25er gang members. Then defendant Huckleberry came over and told
2 defendant Rodriguez something. They both scoffed at Plaintiff and told him to lock up.
3 While in front of the building, defendants Garay, Melendrez, Lewis, and Isais were all
4 standing closer than six feet from Plaintiff. Two gang members with balled-up fists rushed
5 Plaintiff. Plaintiff yelled for help. However, the battery went on for a good three to four
6 minutes before these defendants intervened. Among other things, Plaintiff suffered from
7 bruising, scraps, a blooded nose, broken teeth, and nerve damage in an eye.
8 Construing Plaintiff’s complaint liberally, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s failure to
9 protect claim against defendants Stark, Jaime, Rodriguez, Garay, Melendrez, Lewis, and Isais
10 should proceed past the screening stage.
11 However, the Court also finds that Plaintiff failed to state a claim against defendant
12 Huckleberry. There are no allegations in the complaint suggesting that defendant Huckleberry
13 knew that Plaintiff was being threatened.
14 E. Conspiracy
15 To state a claim for conspiracy under section 1983, Plaintiff must show the existence of
16 an agreement or meeting of the minds to violate constitutional rights, Avalos v. Baca, 596 F.3d
17 583, 592 (9th Cir. 2010); Franklin v. Fox, 312 F.3d 423, 441 (9th Cir. 2001), and that an
18 “actual deprivation of his constitutional rights resulted from the alleged conspiracy,” Hart v.
19 Parks, 450 F.3d 1059, 1071 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Woodrum v. Woodward County,
20 Oklahoma, 866 F.2d 1121, 1126 (9th Cir. 1989)). “‘To be liable, each participant in the
21 conspiracy need not know the exact details of the plan, but each participant must at least share
22 the common objective of the conspiracy.’” Franklin, 312 F.3d at 441 (quoting United
23 Steelworkers of Am. v. Phelps Dodge Corp., 865 F.2d 1539, 1541 (9th Cir.1989)).
24 Additionally, Plaintiff must show that Defendants “conspired or acted jointly in concert and
25 that some overt act [was] done in furtherance of the conspiracy.” Sykes v. State of California,
26 497 F.2d 197, 200 (9th Cir. 1974). “[M]ore than vague conclusory allegations are required to
27 state a [conspiracy] claim.” Mosher v. Saalfeld, 589 F.2d 438, 441 (9th Cir. 1978).
28 Here, Plaintiff has only made vague conclusory allegations regarding the existence of a
1 conspiracy to allow inmates to attack him. Accordingly, Plaintiff has failed to state a
2 conspiracy claim.
3 Additionally, to the extent Plaintiff is alleging a conspiracy based on the allegedly false
4 Rules Violation Report and Crime/Incident Reports, as analyzed above, Plaintiff failed to state
5 a claim based on his allegations regarding the falsified reports. As Plaintiff has not sufficiently
6 alleged that an actual deprivation of his constitutional rights resulted from the conspiracy,
7 Plaintiff has failed to state a conspiracy claim based on these allegations.
8 IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9 The Court has screened the First Amended Complaint and finds that Plaintiff’s failure
10 to protect claim against defendants Stark, Jaime, Rodriguez, Garay, Melendrez, Lewis, and
11 Isais should proceed passed the screening stage. The Court also finds that all other claims and
12 defendants should be dismissed.
13 Accordingly, based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that:
14 1. This case proceed on Plaintiff’s failure to protect claim against defendants Stark,
15 Jaime, Rodriguez, Garay, Melendrez, Lewis, and Isais; and
16 2. All other claims and defendants be dismissed with prejudice.
17 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district
18 judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within
19 twenty-one (21) days after being served with these findings and recommendations, Plaintiff
20 may file written objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to
21 Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file
22 objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v.
23 Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394
24 (9th Cir. 1991)).
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OVUT □□□ ED NS MMU RI OF LOPE FP 44 MI f+

1 Additionally, IT IS ORDERED that the Clerk of Court is directed to assign a district
2 || judge to this case.
3
4 IT IS SO ORDERED.
> || Dated: _ August 18, 2020 hey
6 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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Source: Frix Law Library, https://www.frixlaw.com/law-library/cases/10021300. Public record. Not legal advice.